Has Fusion Energy Finally Arrived?

 

Lockheed Martin has claimed that their famed Skunk Works division made a major breakthrough in developing a nuclear fusion reactor. Their plan is to create several 100-megawatt reactors small enough to fit on the backs of trucks.

As a former submarine reactor operator, I wondered if I would ever see economical nuclear fusion in my lifetime. Fusion has long been a holy grail to nuclear engineers, with research institutions pouring billions into models that produced little energy at exorbitant cost. Many charlatans and cranks have latched onto fusion as a sort of perpetual motion machine, sullying the field for real scientists.

The fact that a respectable organization like Lockheed has claimed a breakthrough — not some unknown professor or LaRouchian zealot — has caused the energy world to take notice.

Put simply, nuclear fusion is the photo negative of current nuclear fission technology. In fission, a relatively large atom (such as Uranium with an atomic mass of 236) is split into two smaller atoms, releasing a large amount of energy. Nuclear fusion forces two tiny atoms (Hydrogen, atomic mass 1) into one larger atom (Helium, atomic mass 4), releasing an enormous amount of energy. (Aerospace Weekly delivers the technical details of the project here.)

Fission-versus-Fusion

We all know the drawbacks of fission reactors: massive facilities, storing radioactive waste, and the fears of a meltdown. But with a fusion reactor, there is minimal waste and zero potential of a meltdown. If successful, fusion will revolutionize power development, creating cheap, sustainable energy at low cost and with minimal environmental impact.

In a statement, the company, the Pentagon’s largest supplier, said it would build and test a compact fusion reactor in less than a year, and build a prototype in five years…

If it proves feasible, Lockheed’s work would mark a key breakthrough in a field that scientists have long eyed as promising, but which has not yet yielded viable power systems. The effort seeks to harness the energy released during nuclear fusion, when atoms combine into more stable forms.

”We can make a big difference on the energy front,” McGuire said, noting Lockheed’s 60 years of research on nuclear fusion as a potential energy source that is safer and more efficient than current reactors based on nuclear fission.

I’ve been very skeptical when past nuclear fusion claims were made (cold fusion, anyone?), but Lockheed’s proposal looks very promising to this retired reactor op. If it works, the technology will upend not only the energy sector, but also the politically charged debates surrounding foreign policy, the environment and more.

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  1. Jon Gabriel, Ed. Contributor
    Jon Gabriel, Ed.
    @jon

    Wintermute: I was was scanning thru the posts to see if anyone brought up the incidental radioactive materials that will be created by neutron collisions with the various parts of the reactor.

    I mentioned “minimal waste” in my post. Their is some waste but vastly less than that of fission reactors. No need for a cavernous Yucca Mountain-type facility.

    • #61
  2. Seawriter Contributor
    Seawriter
    @Seawriter

    Jon Gabriel, Ed.: I mentioned “minimal waste” in my post. Their is some waste but vastly less than that of fission reactors. No need for a cavernous Yucca Mountain-type facility.

    Are you sure?

    We can’t be too safe.

    It’s for the children.

    Don’t worry, the neo-Luddites will have dozens more reasons, just like these.

    Seawriter

    • #62
  3. user_1184 Inactive
    user_1184
    @MarkWilson

    anonymous: However, deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion produces an intense neutron flux, and these neutrons, absorbed in materials surrounding the reaction chamber, will neutron activate some of them, converting stable atoms into radioactive isotopes.

    Is this neutron flux useful for weaponizing any otherwise-benign elements?

    • #63
  4. 1967mustangman Inactive
    1967mustangman
    @1967mustangman

    Jason Rudert:

    1967mustangman:I am interested in the cynicism on display here. Skepticism seems appropriate, but why the cynicism?

    Because the environmental movement doesn’t really want a clean, safe, cheap, abundant source of electricity. That would allow us to go on living our current consumptive lifestyle, and ignore their screams at the same time. Solar and wind are their ideal energy sources because they’re so unreliable. Otherwise, the one percent can go on making money from their factories 24/7, and the proles can watch their Faux News and reality television until late into the night.

    No I am referring to the skepticism toward the announcement.  It seems that an announcement like this would make people happy.   The “this is for the stock price” line of reasoning is something I would expect to find of the Daily Kos not here.

    • #64
  5. 1967mustangman Inactive
    1967mustangman
    @1967mustangman

    Wintermute:I was was scanning thru the posts to see if anyone brought up the incidental radioactive materials that will be created by neutron collisions with the various parts of the reactor.anonymous did raise this issue and it could be the Achilles Heel of this technology.Remember Yucca Mountian?Despite the investment of millions (or more likely, billions) for this state-of-the-art facility for storing radioactive waste, it sits empty thanks the the efforts of Harry Reid, President Obama, et al.

    Actually Yucca mountain is still moving forward.  This is one of the best example of checks and balances (and federalism) I have seen in the last few years.  The courts told the executive branch they couldn’t just willy-nilly shut the project down.  The Republicans in the House have defeated every attempt to defund the site, and states like Washington are suing because they want the material moved out to a safe storage location.

    • #65
  6. captainpower Inactive
    captainpower
    @captainpower

    Just needs a little rebranding.

    Call it an “arc reactor” instead of a “nuclear reactor.” It worked for Hollywood.

    http://marvel.wikia.com/Arc_Reactor

    http://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/36098/how-does-iron-mans-arc-reactor-work
    http://www.huffingtonpost.com/quora/what-is-the-theoryconcept_b_3456241.html

    • #66
  7. ParisParamus Inactive
    ParisParamus
    @ParisParamus

    Minimal waste?  “Minimal” is in the eye of the beholder.  The atmosphere is 0.039% CO2, and a small increase in that amount, possibly caused by human activity, is the premise of wordwide horror and fear mongering amongst many people.  Less than FOUR ONE-HUNDREDTHS OF A PERCENT creates panic, nuclear fusion is easily more dangerous for the morons.

    • #67
  8. Seawriter Contributor
    Seawriter
    @Seawriter

    1967mustangman: No I am referring to the skepticism toward the announcement.  It seems that an announcement like this would make people happy.   The “this is for the stock price” line of reasoning is something I would expect to find of the Daily Kos not here.

    At least in part the cynicism is due to having seen these types of claims in the past.

    When I was in college mumble-mumble years ago there was a company in my home town (Ann Arbor) that was about ready to bring fusion energy to market.  Never happened.  It was a legit attempt, too.  Respected engineer/scientist was running the company, and the project ended when he keeled over with a heart attack.  The process died with him.

    Twenty years later came cold fusion.  That turned out to be bad science combined with the triumph of hope over experience on the part of the developers. (Yeah, I do believe it was more over-eagerness than fraud.)

    Plus all of the other false dawns in between. And conservatives tend to be pessimists anyway. (Pessimists are never disappointed, and occasionally get pleasantly surprised.)

    I would make a bet most of those saying  “this is for the stock price” hope in their heart of hearts it is real, but are afraid saying so might jinx it.  Kind of like actors saying “break a leg” because saying good luck will bring bad luck.

    Seawriter

    • #68
  9. 1967mustangman Inactive
    1967mustangman
    @1967mustangman

    Right I agree with everything you say, but that should breed skepticism.  I guess I feel sorry for anyone who sees an announcement like this and immediately assumes the source is lying to pump up their stock prices.

    • #69
  10. RPD Inactive
    RPD
    @RPD

    I remember sitting in study hall reading the fusion issue of Omni. The wonders were around the corner.  In 1980…..

    • #70
  11. user_1184 Inactive
    user_1184
    @MarkWilson

    anonymous: The principal neutron activation product in a fusion reactor will probably be iron-55, produced by neutron capture by iron in the structural members of the reaction chamber. … [which] decays by electron capture into stable manganese-55

    Is this a long- to medium-term structural integrity problem, gradually turning your steel into a manganese alloy?

    • #71
  12. aaronl@hotmail.com Inactive
    aaronl@hotmail.com
    @TheLopez

    Percival:“We don’t want to have anything to do with nuclear fusion. We want solar power!”

    The subtle humor if this sentence is vastly underappreciated.

    • #72
  13. Umbra Fractus Inactive
    Umbra Fractus
    @UmbraFractus

    1967mustangman: No I am referring to the skepticism toward the announcement.  It seems that an announcement like this would make people happy.   The “this is for the stock price” line of reasoning is something I would expect to find of the Daily Kos not here.

    Speaking for myself, I was merely playing devil’s advocate, which is why I put faux-HTML tags around my cynical post. My skepticism is real, however.

    • #73
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