Book Review: The Historical Background of the King Arthur Legend

 

King Arthur is probably the world’s best-known fictional character. Writers from the 11th century’s Chrétien de Troyes to Bernard Cornwell in the 21st century have written stories about him. And the King Arthur’s legend keeps growing. A story this well-known must have a historical basis.

King Arthur: The Making of the Legend, by Nicholas J. Higham examines that issue. It’s a search for the source of the Arthur legend.

Arthur’s Britain, when and where a historical King Arthur could’ve existed, belonged to a chaotic and obscure corner of history. The Romans had retreated from Britannia. The island was being invaded by barbarians, and de-civilizing as it broke into a constellation of petty and competing kingdoms. Written accounts were spotty, and most history fell under oral tradition.

Higham sifts through all of this in a quest to track down the original sources creating the Arthur legend, including proposed foreign sources. Few verifiable records from the period exist indicating a historical basis for Arthur. Some researchers concluded the historical Arthur, if he did exist, came from outside Britain, with the story somehow transplanted into an obscure island in Europe’s northwest corner.

There are surprisingly many proposed “foreign” Arthurs. They include a Dalmatian centurion, Sarmatian horsemen, Georgian warriors, and stepp tribesmen. Others speculate Arthur was a Roman or Greek legend recast, Arthur as a British Hercules. Higham picks through all these theories, revealing few strengths and many weaknesses in these candidates.

Higham also examines the historical record of early dark ages France and Britain, seeking historic leaders who might have formed the basis of the Arthur myth. Higham believes clues to its origins lies in Historia Brittonum, a 9th century work, attributed to Nennius, a Welch monk.

King Arthur: The Making of the Legend offers some surprising conclusions. Meticulously researched, Higham takes readers through every step of the journey he took to arrive at his conclusions. It is more a scholarly examination of Arthur’s legend than popular writing. Yet for those more interested in the Arthur myth and its origins than another retelling of the Arthur story, this book should not be missed.

“King Arthur: The Making of the Legend,” by Nicholas J. Higham, Yale University Press, 2018, 392 pages $32.50

I write a weekly book review for the Daily News of Galveston County. (It is not the biggest daily newspaper in Texas, but it is the oldest.) My review normally appears Wednesdays. When it appears, I post the review here on the following Sunday. 

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  1. Hartmann von Aue Member
    Hartmann von Aue
    @HartmannvonAue

    Thanks. It looks like a good read. 

    • #1
  2. Randy Webster Inactive
    Randy Webster
    @RandyWebster

    I wish they’d allow you more words.

    • #2
  3. Seawriter Contributor
    Seawriter
    @Seawriter

    Randy Webster (View Comment):

    I wish they’d allow you more words.

    Brevity is the soul of wit?

    • #3
  4. Percival Thatcher
    Percival
    @Percival

    Did Chrétien de Troyes base his tales in part on Welsh romances? Did they base their tales on his? Do they both derive from earlier versions? The shadows dance on the edge of the mist of time.

    This is definitely going on the list.

    • #4
  5. RushBabe49 Thatcher
    RushBabe49
    @RushBabe49

    In my humble opinion, the best “fantasy” books about the Arthurian story are the Camulod Chronicles, written by Jack Whyte.  Starting with The Singing Sword, they explore Arthur’s history, ancestry, and complete story.  I urge anyone looking for a rollicking good read to find them and read.

    • #5
  6. Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Demo… Coolidge
    Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Demo…
    @GumbyMark

    Thanks for bringing this to my attention.  Will order it.  I’ve read a lot on Roman Britain and the murky period in the 5th and 6th century when the Anglo Saxons defeated the Britons or, at least, drove them into Cornwall and Wales, with others migrating to Brittany.  Does he discuss Ambrosius Aurelianus?

    • #6
  7. Seawriter Contributor
    Seawriter
    @Seawriter

    Percival (View Comment):

    Did Chrétien de Troyes base his tales in part on Welsh romances?

    I do not know

    Did they base their tales on his?

    Doubtful – they appear older.

    Do they both derive from earlier versions? The shadows dance on the edge of the mist of time.

    They seem to.

    Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Demo… (View Comment):
    Does he discuss Ambrosius Aurelianus?

    Yes. Extensively.

    • #7
  8. RushBabe49 Thatcher
    RushBabe49
    @RushBabe49

    Ambrosius is a main character in the Whyte books.

    • #8
  9. TBA Coolidge
    TBA
    @RobtGilsdorf

    Randy Webster (View Comment):

    I wish they’d allow you more words.

    We’ll just pry more words out of him here. 

    • #9
  10. Percival Thatcher
    Percival
    @Percival

    The great thing about making a hobby of the Arthurian Legends is that it Just Doesn’t Matter. There’s a new Theory of Everything? Put it on the sideboard between the candied sweet potatoes and the green bean casserole. We’ll get to it, read it, argue over it, swear oaths in support of or in opposition to it then take to the lists and settle it once and for all.

    (No point getting carried away.)

    I’ve been reading about this stuff since I fell upon a comic book when I was eight.

    • #10
  11. Hartmann von Aue Member
    Hartmann von Aue
    @HartmannvonAue

    Percival (View Comment):

    The great thing about making a hobby of the Arthurian Legends is that it Just Doesn’t Matter. There’s a new Theory of Everything? Put it on the sideboard between the candied sweet potatoes and the green bean casserole. We’ll get to it, read it, argue over it, swear oaths in support of or in opposition to it then take to the lists and settle it once and for all.

    (No point getting carried away.)

    I’ve been reading about this stuff since I fell upon a comic book when I was eight.

    There are many good reasons why we are still reading this book in the 21st century. Ripping great yarn. 

    • #11
  12. Seawriter Contributor
    Seawriter
    @Seawriter

    Hartmann von Aue (View Comment):
    There are many good reasons why we are still reading this book in the 21st century. Ripping great yarn. 

    Ah, yes – Walter Scott

    Breathes there the man, with soul so dead,
    Who never to himself hath said,
    This is my own, my native land!
    Whose heart hath ne’er within him burn’d,
    As home his footsteps he hath turn’d,
    From wandering on a foreign strand!
    If such there breathe, go, mark him well;
    For him no Minstrel raptures swell;
    High though his titles, proud his name,
    Boundless his wealth as wish can claim;
    Despite those titles, power, and pelf,
    The wretch, concentred all in self,
    Living, shall forfeit fair renown,
    And, doubly dying, shall go down
    To the vile dust, from whence he sprung,
    Unwept, unhonour’d, and unsung.

    • #12
  13. Wolverine Inactive
    Wolverine
    @Wolverine

    This book is next on my reading list. The early Dark Ages in Britain are fascinating to me. Just need to get through the Chernow biography on Grant. Good lord is it long.

    • #13
  14. Mark Wilson Inactive
    Mark Wilson
    @MarkWilson

    RushBabe49 (View Comment):

    In my humble opinion, the best “fantasy” books about the Arthurian story are the Camulod Chronicles, written by Jack Whyte. Starting with The Singing Sword, they explore Arthur’s history, ancestry, and complete story. I urge anyone looking for a rollicking good read to find them and read.

    One of my favorite characters. 

    • #14
  15. Boss Mongo Member
    Boss Mongo
    @BossMongo

    Thanks, Seawriter.

     

    • #15
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