An Interesting Study About Wind Farms

 

This Harvard Gazette article concludes that the environment impact of large-scale wind farms is not as benign as previously thought.

In two papers — published today in the journals Environmental Research Letters and Joule — Harvard University researchers find that the transition to wind or solar power in the U.S. would require five to 20 times more land than previously thought, and, if such large-scale wind farms were built, would warm average surface temperatures over the continental U.S. by 0.24 degrees Celsius.

“Wind beats coal by any environmental measure, but that doesn’t mean that its impacts are negligible,” said David Keith, the Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and senior author of the papers. “We must quickly transition away from fossil fuels to stop carbon emissions. In doing so, we must make choices between various low-carbon technologies, all of which have some social and environmental impacts.”

As usual, we rush into technology before fully knowing all the impacts. Sometimes, we can only find out all the impacts by embracing the technology and reacting to it (such as the texting while driving impact on auto accidents, and the subsequent bans).

Again, nuclear is the best option (IMHO), with small modular reactors (SMRs) being a much more economical way to keep costs low.

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  1. John Seymour Member
    John Seymour
    @

    Stad (View Comment):

    David Foster (View Comment):

    Most journalists, including most business journalists, understand energy…especially electricity..so poorly that they cannot write intelligently about it. Very few seem to grasp the difference between ‘kilowatts’ and ‘kilowatt hours’.

    Another one is “knots per hour” when referring to the speed of ships or planes.

    Acceleration.  I get it.

    • #31
  2. Randy Webster Inactive
    Randy Webster
    @RandyWebster

    As soon as I read a statement like this, from the article “We must quickly transition away from fossil fuels to stop carbon emissions,” I quit reading.

    • #32
  3. Henry Racette Member
    Henry Racette
    @HenryRacette

    Randy Webster (View Comment):

    As soon as I read a statement like this, from the article “We must quickly transition away from fossil fuels to stop carbon emissions,” I quit reading.

    I know the feeling. But the authors’ opinions about global warming make their criticism of wind power an admission against interest, and that in turn makes their criticism even more compelling.

    • #33
  4. Randy Webster Inactive
    Randy Webster
    @RandyWebster

    Stad: Again, nuclear is the best option (IMHO), with small modular reactors (SMRs) being a much more economical way to keep costs low.

    I think you misspelled nucular.

    • #34
  5. Randy Webster Inactive
    Randy Webster
    @RandyWebster

    The Reticulator (View Comment):
    Corporate welfare has some pretty staunch defenders.

    Welfare beneficiaries are always staunch defenders of welfare.

    • #35
  6. RufusRJones Member
    RufusRJones
    @RufusRJones

    How do they know that clean coal causes more problems and suffering than it generates in prosperity?

    • #36
  7. I Walton Member
    I Walton
    @IWalton

    They generate heat but without the life reinforcing and needed Co2.  I’ve heard that wind energy is a net negative.  They have to use some electricity if there is no wind to keep them limber. Is that true?  

     

    • #37
  8. OkieSailor Member
    OkieSailor
    @OkieSailor

    Stad (View Comment):
    Conventional power plants take up a signifcantly smaller footprint, but the pro-solar and wind people like to include the footprints of all the coal and uranium mines to mitigate the damage done by the comparison.

    Do they also include the steel, aluminum and rare earth mines needed for wind and solar contraptions? Copper, Latex producing plants, mostly trees. Everything else used in the production and maintenance of wind and solar energy production? 
    Remember at all times: Figures do not Lie. But Liars do Figure. Always, always check to see what monetary interest a person or group has in their position on anything before putting much stock in their pitch. No good salesman will tell you anything that diminishes his chance for a sale, it’s up to you to do your own research. That applies to every grant funded research in the same way. No one applies for a grant nor grants one absent an expected outcome. And it is impossible for that not to have some effect on the conclusions drawn. 

    • #38
  9. OkieSailor Member
    OkieSailor
    @OkieSailor

    Stad (View Comment):
    Nuclear has an uphill battle as some states are mandating a certain percentage of energy be generated by renewables.

    So how about this, could it qualify? If not, why not? Makes sense to me:

    https://whatisnuclear.com/recycling.html

    What is nuclear recycling?

    Nuclear waste is recyclable. Once reactor fuel (uranium or thorium) is used in a reactor, it can be treated and put into another reactor as fuel. In fact, typical reactors only extract a few percent of the energy in their fuel. You could power the entire US electricity grid off of the energy in nuclear waste for almost 100 years (details). If you recycle the waste, the final waste that is left over decays to harmlessness within a few hundred years, rather than a million years as with standard (unrecycled) nuclear waste. This page explains how this interesting process is possible.

    • #39
  10. DonG Coolidge
    DonG
    @DonG

    CAGW (Catastrophic Anthropogenic Global Warming) is a hoax.  To review, it was a 5 part claim:

    1. CO2 levels control atmospheric temperature (greenhouse effect)
    2. natural processes do *not* affect global atmospheric temperatures
    3. doubling CO2 will increase global atmospheric temperatures by ~4.0C
    4. a 4.0C increase in temperature will be catastrophic for humanity, vastly outweighing the benefits of cheap electricity
    5. there is very high certainty to all of the above.

    For the month of September the global average temperature was *the same* as it was back in 1983.  That conclusively disproves claims 1,3.  The fact that it was all claimed with certainty, means it was a hoax.  Claim #2 is unproven and will probably be disproved in the next 15 years (AMO and satellite data).  The only claim not proven or disproved is #1.  That is hard and depends on how the stratosphere behaves.  (It could be that more CO2 blocks incoming heat from the thermosphere.)

    How did this hoax happen?  Because a lot of greedy chose money and virtue signaling over science.  Energy is a $10T/year business.  To control energy is to control humanity and that kind of thing is attractive to all manner of evil and corrupt people. 

    1983!!!!!  

    • #40
  11. OkieSailor Member
    OkieSailor
    @OkieSailor

    Stad (View Comment):
    The bottom line (I use that phrase way too much) is we should investigate all forms of large-scale – and small scale – energy production.

    Absolutely, do research on everything someone thinks has promise. At their expense not that of the taxpayers. If that means we’ll have nothing to replace carbon fuels until they begin to become scarce I’m fine with that unless and until someone can show a reasonable likelihood that the environment is actually threatened. No, videos of calving icebergs don’t quite fill the bill. 
    Of course we do have a good replacement in place right now but people are scared to death of ‘Nucluar’ thus showing their ignorance. I’ve nothing against being ignorant, we all start out that way but that’s no reason to stay that way. 

    • #41
  12. Front Seat Cat Member
    Front Seat Cat
    @FrontSeatCat

    As usual, it’s pushed full steam by “progressives”, just like growing crops for fuel, like corn, instead of for food.  So we import food, but still have to farm and use water, and risk soil depletion from planting the same thing, only to find out how costly biofuels really are. 

    FYI – the Kennedys were all about wind farms, but when they tried to set them up on the Cape, it ruined the view from their compound and failed to pass muster….

    • #42
  13. Chris Campion Coolidge
    Chris Campion
    @ChrisCampion

    Phil Turmel (View Comment):

    The Reticulator (View Comment):
    My objection to them is the subsidies — the corporate welfare. If they can operate without the subsidies and mandates, I’m all in favor. And if not, not.

    The biggest subsidy of all is the grid connection mandate — requiring grid operators to take renewables and sideline dispatchable power. Solar and wind power cannot be compared to other power producers without including dispatch and energy storage — it’s apples and oranges. Green power advocates deliberately ignore this, as the cost of non-“green” power is cheaper than every known form of suitably-scaled storage technologies. In other words, without even examining the cost to build the “green” energy itself, the cost to build dispatchable storage for that energy source already costs way more than any non-“green” energy.

    I’ve taken to using scare quotes on “green” energy because it is a total fraud. We have to continue building conventional capacity to cover for “green” energy on calm nights and all of the other times “green” energy doesn’t produce at its “capacity”. And that conventional power is expensive to keep on standby, and dramatically less efficient and more polluting when it isn’t allowed to produce it its own capacity. A big hidden cost of “green” energy is the huge efficiency losses and extra pollution mitigation in all of the standby generation.

    “Green” energy is a farce and a fraud. They only reasonable use of these technologies is for remote locations off-grid.

    This is pretty accurate.  Paying for standby gas turbine generators to fill the green energy gaps that consistently and inevitably occur is not a plan.  It’s papering over the enormous hole in the base load grid that these technologies create.

    • #43
  14. RufusRJones Member
    RufusRJones
    @RufusRJones

    There was a recent  Powerline podcast that was very interesting on this stuff. 

    • #44
  15. Stad Coolidge
    Stad
    @Stad

    John Seymour (View Comment):

    Stad (View Comment):

    Al French, sad sack (View Comment):
    You are Rico’s resident nuclear expert.

    I’ve probably killed enough brain cells over the last few years to lose that moniker. Hehe . . .

    How? You’ve been sipping that same drink in your avatar as long as I’ve been on Ricochet.

    Yeah . . . it constantly refills itself.

    • #45
  16. Stad Coolidge
    Stad
    @Stad

    Randy Webster (View Comment):

    Stad: Again, nuclear is the best option (IMHO), with small modular reactors (SMRs) being a much more economical way to keep costs low.

    I think you misspelled nucular.

    That’s the Jimmy Carter phonetic spelling . . .

    • #46
  17. Stad Coolidge
    Stad
    @Stad

    Front Seat Cat (View Comment):
    FYI – the Kennedys were all about wind farms, but when they tried to set them up on the Cape, it ruined the view from their compound and failed to pass muster….

    NIMBY is for everyone!

    • #47
  18. Steve C. Member
    Steve C.
    @user_531302

    dnewlander (View Comment):
    Trump could resolve 90% of that with a couple of Executive Orders.

    Only if he could imprison a large group of environmentalists.

    Though, I imagine as President he could authorize a demonstration project for off the shelf nuclear power on remote federal lands. Like Johnson Island.

    • #48
  19. Stad Coolidge
    Stad
    @Stad

    Steve C. (View Comment):

    dnewlander (View Comment):
    Trump could resolve 90% of that with a couple of Executive Orders.

    Only if he could imprison a large group of environmentalists.

    Though, I imagine as President he could authorize a demonstration project for off the shelf nuclear power on remote federal lands. Like Johnson Island.

    The Department of Energy has some large sites that would be perfect for an SMR demo.  I live 20 miles from one (Savannah River Site).

    • #49
  20. Steve C. Member
    Steve C.
    @user_531302

    dnewlander (View Comment):

    WI Con (View Comment):

    dnewlander (View Comment):

    Hang On (View Comment):

    The problem with nuclear is the huge lead times necessary to build and the economics when they get built. Since you’re from the area, Carolina Power & Light built the Shearon-Harris reactor with a percentage of its output going to a group of municipal co-operatives. Those municipalities had higher energy costs (by a lot) than those around them and became a major factor in recruiting industry and businesses. CP&L could absorb the costs of the expensive nuclear power by offsetting it against cheaper coal-fired and natural gas-fired plants. There is no magic bullet.

    The reason for that is that the Feds won’t allow “off the shelf” reactors to be built, so everything has to be designed from scratch for the exact site that the utility wants to use, and then Homeland Security demands that it be able to withstand a World Trade Center type attack (fully-fueled 757 crashing right on top of the reactor), and then the environmental protesters get involved, by which point the utility’s put several billion dollars into something that’s now more or less never going to get built.

    Trump could resolve 90% of that with a couple of Executive Orders.

    Wondering if these could be sited at military bases without as many approval hurdles. They’d be well guarded, Naval Reactor Operators could operate in conjunction with local utility engineers, revenue could help offset military costs. Maybe even Indian Reservations (instead of Casinos)

    W announced a plan to do just that in about 2004, but it went nowhere. I’m not exactly sure why. If enacted, it would sure make the BRAC process even more contentious!

    The Army used to have a portable nuclear power plant.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MH-1A

     

     

    • #50
  21. OldPhil Coolidge
    OldPhil
    @OldPhil

    My main complaint about them is that they’re ugly as hell. They built a bunch of them on the mountain behind my Mom’s house; I’m not sure about the impact on birds, but they completely ruined the landscape. I’ve read that even some California homeowners are beginning to protest them.

    • #51
  22. Aaron Miller Inactive
    Aaron Miller
    @AaronMiller

    Stad (View Comment):
    Also annoying is the fact these wind farms are given a pass when it comes to killing endangered and protected species.

    Remember this gem

    On January 17, 2017, the number of bald eagles that can be killed by wind farm permit holders will increase from the current legal number of 1,100 to 4,200—almost a quadrupling. 

    That was by President Obama’s order. 

    The fee for a long-term permit is $36,000. [….] Under the previous rule, the permits were for a five-year term. 

    Think of all government could allow for a price! 

    Currently, companies report killed or injured eagles on a voluntary basis to the Interior Department, which does not release the information.

    Swamp energy.

    • #52
  23. Al French, sad sack Moderator
    Al French, sad sack
    @AlFrench

    Steve C. (View Comment):

    dnewlander (View Comment):

    WI Con (View Comment):

    dnewlander (View Comment):

    Hang On (View Comment):

    The problem with nuclear is the huge lead times necessary to build and the economics when they get built. Since you’re from the area, Carolina Power & Light built the Shearon-Harris reactor with a percentage of its output going to a group of municipal co-operatives. Those municipalities had higher energy costs (by a lot) than those around them and became a major factor in recruiting industry and businesses. CP&L could absorb the costs of the expensive nuclear power by offsetting it against cheaper coal-fired and natural gas-fired plants. There is no magic bullet.

    The reason for that is that the Feds won’t allow “off the shelf” reactors to be built, so everything has to be designed from scratch for the exact site that the utility wants to use, and then Homeland Security demands that it be able to withstand a World Trade Center type attack (fully-fueled 757 crashing right on top of the reactor), and then the environmental protesters get involved, by which point the utility’s put several billion dollars into something that’s now more or less never going to get built.

    Trump could resolve 90% of that with a couple of Executive Orders.

    Wondering if these could be sited at military bases without as many approval hurdles. They’d be well guarded, Naval Reactor Operators could operate in conjunction with local utility engineers, revenue could help offset military costs. Maybe even Indian Reservations (instead of Casinos)

    W announced a plan to do just that in about 2004, but it went nowhere. I’m not exactly sure why. If enacted, it would sure make the BRAC process even more contentious!

    The Army used to have a portable nuclear power plant.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MH-1A

     

     

    The Navy has a bunch of them. They call them “ships”.

    • #53
  24. Doctor Robert Member
    Doctor Robert
    @DoctorRobert

    Wind is air in motion.

    When wind encounters and moves the propellor of a wind turbine, kinetic energy is transferred from the air to the propellor.

    Thus the wind behind the energy farm ought to be slower than in front of the farm.  And a little colder, too.

    Build enough wind energy farms and you will change the weather downstream from them.

    • #54
  25. dnewlander Inactive
    dnewlander
    @dnewlander

    Al French, sad sack (View Comment):

    Steve C. (View Comment):

    dnewlander (View Comment):

    WI Con (View Comment):

    dnewlander (View Comment):

    Hang On (View Comment):

    The problem with nuclear is the huge lead times necessary to build and the economics when they get built. Since you’re from the area, Carolina Power & Light built the Shearon-Harris reactor with a percentage of its output going to a group of municipal co-operatives. Those municipalities had higher energy costs (by a lot) than those around them and became a major factor in recruiting industry and businesses. CP&L could absorb the costs of the expensive nuclear power by offsetting it against cheaper coal-fired and natural gas-fired plants. There is no magic bullet.

    The reason for that is that the Feds won’t allow “off the shelf” reactors to be built, so everything has to be designed from scratch for the exact site that the utility wants to use, and then Homeland Security demands that it be able to withstand a World Trade Center type attack (fully-fueled 757 crashing right on top of the reactor), and then the environmental protesters get involved, by which point the utility’s put several billion dollars into something that’s now more or less never going to get built.

    Trump could resolve 90% of that with a couple of Executive Orders.

    Wondering if these could be sited at military bases without as many approval hurdles. They’d be well guarded, Naval Reactor Operators could operate in conjunction with local utility engineers, revenue could help offset military costs. Maybe even Indian Reservations (instead of Casinos)

    W announced a plan to do just that in about 2004, but it went nowhere. I’m not exactly sure why. If enacted, it would sure make the BRAC process even more contentious!

    The Army used to have a portable nuclear power plant.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MH-1A

     

     

    The Navy has a bunch of them. They call them “ships”.

    Except when they’re submersible. Then they’re “boats”. ;)

    • #55
  26. Al Sparks Coolidge
    Al Sparks
    @AlSparks

    Chris Campion (View Comment):
    This is pretty accurate. Paying for standby gas turbine generators to fill the green energy gaps that consistently and inevitably occur is not a plan. It’s papering over the enormous hole in the base load grid that these technologies create.

    You also should have specialized generation.  Before the advent of solar and wind, almost all fossil based generation was designed to run at one speed for long periods of time.

    An electrical grid is designed so that power generation meets demand.  The demand does vary during the day, and as it does, the generation is adjusted to reflect that.  In this scenario, the operators have full control of the generation output, minus plant trips.

    With wind and solar you have another factor outside the control of the operators, because the output of that generation varies during the course of a day outside the operator’s control (e.g. clouds come over a solar farm, or the wind stops blowing). 

    Before the advent of wind and solar, the vast majority of generation was designed to run at one speed for long periods of time.  Varying the speed of these turbines contributes to wear and tear, and these are large investments.

    Specialized generation has been designed for use in reacting to the variable power outputs of solar and wind, taking the burden off of the generation designed for staying at one speed.

    Either way, this also adds to the cost of  wind and solar.

    In Alaska, where we have an isolated or islanded power grid, our addition of wind and some solar affects grid stability more than the lower forty-eight’s much larger grid.  And we’re playing catch-up in bringing in generation designed to follow wind and solar.

    One note about solar in Alaska.  Alaska’s electrical power demand goes way up in the winter when enduring our extreme winters.  And that’s when Alaska gets the darkest.  Why we’re investing in solar boggles my mind.

    • #56
  27. Randy Webster Inactive
    Randy Webster
    @RandyWebster

    Steve C. (View Comment):
    The Army used to have a portable nuclear power plant.

    The navy has lots of them.

    Sorry, Al.  I should have read a little further before commenting.

    • #57
  28. OccupantCDN Coolidge
    OccupantCDN
    @OccupantCDN

    Stad: Again, nuclear is the best option (IMHO), with small modular reactors (SMRs) being a much more economical way to keep costs low.

    I agree, but disagree. Small nuclear reactors are the future for base load electric grid production. However not if the reactor has a solid fuel. In order to maximize efficiency the reactor should have a liquid fuel like Molten Salt Reactors (MSR) or a liquid fuel like the Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor (LFTR).

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_fluoride_thorium_reactor

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten_salt_reactor

    Either of these reactor designs produce energy with less that 1% of the waste of a solid fuel reactor – and startup fuels for these reactors can be salvaged from the waste by products of the current fleet of solid fuel reactors. Solving 3 problems in one design.

    • #58
  29. RufusRJones Member
    RufusRJones
    @RufusRJones

    OccupantCDN (View Comment):

    Stad: Again, nuclear is the best option (IMHO), with small modular reactors (SMRs) being a much more economical way to keep costs low.

    I agree, but disagree. Small nuclear reactors are the future for base load electric grid production. However not if the reactor has a solid fuel. In order to maximize efficiency the reactor should have a liquid fuel like Molten Salt Reactors (MSR) or a liquid fuel like the Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor (LFTR).

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_fluoride_thorium_reactor

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten_salt_reactor

    Either of these reactor designs produce energy with less that 1% of the waste of a solid fuel reactor – and startup fuels for these reactors can be salvaged from the waste by products of the current fleet of solid fuel reactors. Solving 3 problems in one design.

    It makes me crazy that we aren’t further along on this. 

    The other thing is they need to decentralize the grid. It would be more efficient and honestly run. Less politics. 

    • #59
  30. E. Kent Golding Moderator
    E. Kent Golding
    @EKentGolding

    Gigantic Bird Vegimatics.    Wind Farms kill lots and lots of migratory birds.   I like birds more than wind energy.  Birds are amusing and interesting.

    • #60
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