Monoclonal Antibodies and FDA Emergency Use

 

Since again the “news” media do such a terrible job of reporting facts, I’m turning to the knowledgeable people of Ricochet.

Is the monoclonal antibody treatment for which the Food and Drug Administration recently revoked emergency-use authorization the only monoclonal antibody treatment that was available to the public? In other words, did the FDA’s revocation stop all monoclonal antibody treatments for people who get COVID-19 or only some? The news media is interested only in reporting the politicians yelling at each other, not on any underlying facts.

I had been hearing many anecdotal stories about favorable results from monoclonal antibody treatments. Among the anecdotes, two friends of mine who recently (two weeks ago) tested positive for COVID-19 received monoclonal antibody treatments, and their conditions immediately improved significantly. Of course, the experience of two of my friends is not scientific proof of anything, and we can’t even be certain that the treatment caused the improvement of my two friends — though for one in particular, the coincidence of treatment and the magnitude of improvement was remarkable. Nor do I know if their treatments were the same ones for which the FDA revoked emergency-use authorization.

The closing of Florida treatment centers and accompanying yelling by Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis gives the impression that all monoclonal antibody treatments have been stopped. But maybe Florida was using only one version, the version that was the subject of the FDA action.

I admit that I come into this discussion with a bias, as it seems to me that the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are focused on vaccines for COVID-19 and are generally opposed to (or at least uninterested in) finding treatments for those who become infected. That anti-treatment bias may not be true, but abruptly revoking the emergency-use authorization of monoclonal antibodies without much further detailed explanation provides fuel for the speculation that the agencies are anti-treatment. More information on the scope of the FDA’s action would help the not-medically-trained me evaluate what’s going on.

So, did the FDA’s revocation of emergency-use authorization for monoclonal antibody treatments apply to only some treatments or to all of the monoclonal antibody treatments that people had been getting? Do people who have COVID-19 still have an option to receive monoclonal antibody treatment, or are all options to receive monoclonal antibody treatment off the table?

Published in Healthcare
Ricochet editors have scheduled this post to be promoted to the Main Feed at 6:23AM (PT) on January 27th, 2022.

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  1. The Reticulator Member
    The Reticulator
    @TheReticulator

    DrewInWisconsin, Oaf (View Comment):

    OmegaPaladin (View Comment):

    I’m curious where the clinical data on the antibody effectiveness is being presented. It is disgraceful for the FDA to withdraw a treatment without at least linking to the studies or a review of studies

    They’d only link to fraudulent studies that say what they want them to say, anyway.

    The FDA is thoroughly corrupt. And they’re killing people.

    There are people who have serious and substantive criticisms of the FDA that point to the need for reform. You’re undercutting them. Are you sure you’re not a ChiCom agent? 

    • #31
  2. Flicker Coolidge
    Flicker
    @Flicker

    Caryn (View Comment):
    We have a weekly sampling of at least a couple hundred randomly selected patient samples that are sequenced and reported daily–we get a weekly cumulative report on Monday, which includes the previous week through Friday, to all interested parties in our hospital system.  Locally, we’re at about 97% omicron after being around 98-99% delta for several months.  The change was extremely rapid and took place over the course of 2-3 weeks. 

    Do you have information on whether the samples were from symptomatic people or not?

    • #32
  3. Flicker Coolidge
    Flicker
    @Flicker

    DaveSchmidt (View Comment):

    Flicker (View Comment):

    DonG (CAGW is a hoax) (View Comment):

    As for Florida, it is a 40 minute boat ride to be in international waters. I expect some enterprising casino cruise business to add Covid Treatments. Blackjack, craps and Ivermectin here!

    Isn’t it against the law to travel out of the country for the purpose of committing a crime such as child prostitution or taking a covid therapeutic??

    Bill Clinton probably understands the law on this

    Are you saying he’s secretly taking ivermectin?  Because that would be just like him.

    • #33
  4. Fake John/Jane Galt Coolidge
    Fake John/Jane Galt
    @FakeJohnJaneGalt

    EJHill (View Comment):

    What Kozak said. The only way to know what variant of Covid you have contracted is to sequence the genome of the virus. We do that in less than 1% of all cases in the United States and it takes an average of 28 days to get the results. Basically, the FDA just signed the death warrants for a lot of people. It is insanity. Monoclonal treatments probably saved my daughter’s life.

    Sure there is.  

    Look at individual.  Decide what sort of infection is best for Leftist narrative.  That is what they have.  Who is going to know differently?  

    • #34
  5. Fake John/Jane Galt Coolidge
    Fake John/Jane Galt
    @FakeJohnJaneGalt

    DrewInWisconsin, Oaf (View Comment):

    EJHill (View Comment):
    Basically, the FDA just signed the death warrants for a lot of people.

    And will suffer no consequences. And that’s the hell of it.

    As long as it further their Leftist Democrat agenda then it is good.  The deaths may even be the point.  

    • #35
  6. DrewInWisconsin, Oaf Member
    DrewInWisconsin, Oaf
    @DrewInWisconsin

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    DrewInWisconsin, Oaf (View Comment):

    OmegaPaladin (View Comment):

    I’m curious where the clinical data on the antibody effectiveness is being presented. It is disgraceful for the FDA to withdraw a treatment without at least linking to the studies or a review of studies

    They’d only link to fraudulent studies that say what they want them to say, anyway.

    The FDA is thoroughly corrupt. And they’re killing people.

    There are people who have serious and substantive criticisms of the FDA that point to the need for reform. You’re undercutting them. Are you sure you’re not a ChiCom agent?

    Yes, I am. But on the plus side, I’ll have no problem getting security clearance.

    • #36
  7. Caryn Thatcher
    Caryn
    @Caryn

    Flicker (View Comment):

    Caryn (View Comment):
    We have a weekly sampling of at least a couple hundred randomly selected patient samples that are sequenced and reported daily–we get a weekly cumulative report on Monday, which includes the previous week through Friday, to all interested parties in our hospital system. Locally, we’re at about 97% omicron after being around 98-99% delta for several months. The change was extremely rapid and took place over the course of 2-3 weeks.

    Do you have information on whether the samples were from symptomatic people or not?

    Yes.  I’m not sure how much I can share, as the data are for internal use.  We test symptomatic patients for covid and influenza types A&B, and, also for RSV.  We also test patients being admitted to the hospital or having procedures; they are presumably asymptomatic.  Then there are others just called “asymptomatic.”  I’m guessing these are people who had contact with positive cases, but are not showing symptoms.  They might also be people being tested prior to travel, though I think we were so overwhelmed with necessary testing at one point that we were telling them to go elsewhere.  At peak, we tested more than 12,000 in one week.  During the omicron surge we saw numbers as high as 20% positivity among asymptomatic patients and over 50% in symptomatic.  Fortunately, all of the numbers have dropped.  We’re now under 30% positive among symptomatic and under 10% among asymptomatic.  Blessed relief, we’re also testing far fewer people overall. 

    • #37
  8. Flicker Coolidge
    Flicker
    @Flicker

    Caryn (View Comment):

    Flicker (View Comment):

    Caryn (View Comment):
    We have a weekly sampling of at least a couple hundred randomly selected patient samples that are sequenced and reported daily–we get a weekly cumulative report on Monday, which includes the previous week through Friday, to all interested parties in our hospital system. Locally, we’re at about 97% omicron after being around 98-99% delta for several months. The change was extremely rapid and took place over the course of 2-3 weeks.

    Do you have information on whether the samples were from symptomatic people or not?

    Yes. I’m not sure how much I can share, as the data are for internal use. We test symptomatic patients for covid and influenza types A&B, and, also for RSV. We also test patients being admitted to the hospital or having procedures; they are presumably asymptomatic. Then there are others just called “asymptomatic.” I’m guessing these are people who had contact with positive cases, but are not showing symptoms. They might also be people being tested prior to travel, though I think we were so overwhelmed with necessary testing at one point that we were telling them to go elsewhere. At peak, we tested more than 12,000 in one week. During the omicron surge we saw numbers as high as 20% positivity among asymptomatic patients and over 50% in symptomatic. Fortunately, all of the numbers have dropped. We’re now under 30% positive among symptomatic and under 10% among asymptomatic. Blessed relief, we’re also testing far fewer people overall.

    Thanks.

    • #38
  9. Patricia Jay Inactive
    Patricia Jay
    @Patriciajay

    DonG (CAGW is a hoax) (View Comment):

    Kozak (View Comment):
    Since there is no way to know clinically which strain it is, I would think it would make sense to continue to treat those at high risk or who are showing severe symptoms from Covid.

    Yes! The FDA has gone crazy with its all-or-nothing mindset applied to 330 million individuals. As for “no way to know clinically”, I would think the symptoms would make it clear if the infection was upper or lower respiratory centered, which is good enough to choose monoclonal antibodies. I think doctors still use stethoscopes;)

    As for Florida, it is a 40 minute boat ride to be in international waters. I expect some enterprising casino cruise business to add Covid Treatments. Blackjack, craps and Ivermectin here!

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    • #39
  10. The Reticulator Member
    The Reticulator
    @TheReticulator

    Patricia Jay (View Comment):

    DonG (CAGW is a hoax) (View Comment):

    Kozak (View Comment):
    Since there is no way to know clinically which strain it is, I would think it would make sense to continue to treat those at high risk or who are showing severe symptoms from Covid.

    Yes! The FDA has gone crazy with its all-or-nothing mindset applied to 330 million individuals. As for “no way to know clinically”, I would think the symptoms would make it clear if the infection was upper or lower respiratory centered, which is good enough to choose monoclonal antibodies. I think doctors still use stethoscopes;)

    As for Florida, it is a 40 minute boat ride to be in international waters. I expect some enterprising casino cruise business to add Covid Treatments. Blackjack, craps and Ivermectin here!

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    Hated for doing the same thing as which?

    • #40
  11. Full Size Tabby Member
    Full Size Tabby
    @FullSizeTabby

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    Patricia Jay (View Comment):

    DonG (CAGW is a hoax) (View Comment):

    Kozak (View Comment):
    Since there is no way to know clinically which strain it is, I would think it would make sense to continue to treat those at high risk or who are showing severe symptoms from Covid.

    Yes! The FDA has gone crazy with its all-or-nothing mindset applied to 330 million individuals. As for “no way to know clinically”, I would think the symptoms would make it clear if the infection was upper or lower respiratory centered, which is good enough to choose monoclonal antibodies. I think doctors still use stethoscopes;)

    As for Florida, it is a 40 minute boat ride to be in international waters. I expect some enterprising casino cruise business to add Covid Treatments. Blackjack, craps and Ivermectin here!

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    Hated for doing the same thing as which?

    I have read several reports that during the AIDS crisis in the 1980s Dr. Fauci was all in for developing an AIDS vaccine, and he vigorously opposed developing treatments for those already infected. [There are now effective treatments for AIDS, but there is still no vaccine.]

    • #41
  12. MiMac Thatcher
    MiMac
    @MiMac

    Flicker (View Comment):

    DaveSchmidt (View Comment):

    Flicker (View Comment):

    DonG (CAGW is a hoax) (View Comment):

    As for Florida, it is a 40 minute boat ride to be in international waters. I expect some enterprising casino cruise business to add Covid Treatments. Blackjack, craps and Ivermectin here!

    Isn’t it against the law to travel out of the country for the purpose of committing a crime such as child prostitution or taking a covid therapeutic??

    Bill Clinton probably understands the law on this

    Are you saying he’s secretly taking ivermectin? Because that would be just like him.

    only if he caught worms on Epstein’s island….

    • #42
  13. DaveSchmidt Coolidge
    DaveSchmidt
    @DaveSchmidt

    Flicker (View Comment):

    DaveSchmidt (View Comment):

    Flicker (View Comment):

    DonG (CAGW is a hoax) (View Comment):

    As for Florida, it is a 40 minute boat ride to be in international waters. I expect some enterprising casino cruise business to add Covid Treatments. Blackjack, craps and Ivermectin here!

    Isn’t it against the law to travel out of the country for the purpose of committing a crime such as child prostitution or taking a covid therapeutic??

    Bill Clinton probably understands the law on this

    Are you saying he’s secretly taking ivermectin? Because that would be just like him.

    He could be mentoring the next generation.  

    • #43
  14. KCVolunteer Lincoln
    KCVolunteer
    @KCVolunteer

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    I blame Biden for the antigen test shortage because of his government purchases messing up the market. But I have heard nothing about its buying monoclonal antibodies.

    From a 9/15/21 CNN article. The final quoted paragraph is ‘intended’ to make us all feel better.

    (CNN)The US government is buying more doses of monoclonal antibody treatments for Covid-19, and the Biden administration is taking over distribution in order to avoid shortages of the key therapeutics.

    The moves come as demand for monoclonal antibodies has increased as cases surged due to spread of the Delta variant and low vaccination rates in some areas of the country.Monoclonal antibodies are lab-engineered immune system proteins that kickstart an immune response against an infection. The US Department of Health and Human Servicessays that as of September 10, 2.17 million doses of monoclonal antibodies have been shipped to all sites, and 938,000 doses have been used since December. About 43% of the distributed doses have been used as of September 3. An HHS spokesperson said seven states have accounted for 70% of orders for the therapy. Those seven states are Florida, Texas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and Louisiana. “Given this reality, we must work to ensure our supply of these life-saving therapies remains available for all states and territories, not just some,” the HHS spokesperson said. The distribution, which is similar to a system employed earlier this year, will fall to HHS, which will allocate product to states and territories each week, rather administration sites ordering them directly. “HHS will determine the amount of product each state and territory receives on a weekly basis. State and territorial health departments will subsequently identify sites that will receive product and how much,” the spokesperson said. “This system will help maintain equitable distribution, both geographically and temporally, across the country – providing states and territories with consistent, fairly-distributed supply over the coming weeks.”

    It turns out these are the ones they are now recommending not be used.

    • #44
  15. DrewInWisconsin, Oaf Member
    DrewInWisconsin, Oaf
    @DrewInWisconsin

    KCVolunteer (View Comment):
    It turns out these are the ones they are now recommending not be used.

    Should we assume they bought ’em up to sit on ’em instead of distributing them?

    • #45
  16. The Reticulator Member
    The Reticulator
    @TheReticulator

    Full Size Tabby (View Comment):

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    Hated for doing the same thing as which?

    I have read several reports that during the AIDS crisis in the 1980s Dr. Fauci was all in for developing an AIDS vaccine, and he vigorously opposed developing treatments for those already infected. [There are now effective treatments for AIDS, but there is still no vaccine.]

    Interesting. Thanks for clarifying.

    • #46
  17. Flicker Coolidge
    Flicker
    @Flicker

    KCVolunteer (View Comment):

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    I blame Biden for the antigen test shortage because of his government purchases messing up the market. But I have heard nothing about its buying monoclonal antibodies.

    From a 9/15/21 CNN article. The final quoted paragraph is ‘intended’ to make us all feel better.

    (CNN)The US government is buying more doses of monoclonal antibody treatments for Covid-19, and the Biden administration is taking over distribution in order to avoid shortages of the key therapeutics.

    The moves come as demand for monoclonal antibodies has increased as cases surged due to spread of the Delta variant and low vaccination rates in some areas of the country.Monoclonal antibodies are lab-engineered immune system proteins that kickstart an immune response against an infection. The US Department of Health and Human Servicessays that as of September 10, 2.17 million doses of monoclonal antibodies have been shipped to all sites, and 938,000 doses have been used since December. About 43% of the distributed doses have been used as of September 3. An HHS spokesperson said seven states have accounted for 70% of orders for the therapy. Those seven states are Florida, Texas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and Louisiana. “Given this reality, we must work to ensure our supply of these life-saving therapies remains available for all states and territories, not just some,” the HHS spokesperson said. The distribution, which is similar to a system employed earlier this year, will fall to HHS, which will allocate product to states and territories each week, rather administration sites ordering them directly. “HHS will determine the amount of product each state and territory receives on a weekly basis. State and territorial health departments will subsequently identify sites that will receive product and how much,” the spokesperson said. “This system will help maintain equitable distribution, both geographically and temporally, across the country – providing states and territories with consistent, fairly-distributed supply over the coming weeks.”

    It turns out these are the ones they are now recommending not be used.

    Right.  Remember?  This goes back to when Florida went rogue and started administering monoclonal antibodies and almost immediately Biden’s administration bought them all up.  And the people here said that this was to streamline distribution.  And then the Administration started withholding MCA from Florida, “to be fair to all the states”.  So DeSantis went on buying them separately through Florida funds, bypassing the federal government.

    And they’ve been working.

    So now the federal government has banned MCA — for at best, questionable reasons.  I knew then that this was the point from the beginning — to withhold effective treatments and to push for vaccination.

    But, no, those who unquestioningly parrot the administration’s line said it was just to fairly dispense the medicines to all states, even those who don’t want them.

    Why?  Having already been paid for the MCA, they now want to push the new super expensive oral drugs.

    • #47
  18. KCVolunteer Lincoln
    KCVolunteer
    @KCVolunteer

    DrewInWisconsin, Oaf (View Comment):

    KCVolunteer (View Comment):
    It turns out these are the ones they are now recommending not be used.

    Should we assume they bought ’em up to sit on ’em instead of distributing them?

    I find the highlighted words a bit concerning.

    “Given this reality, we must work to ensure our supply of these life-saving therapies remains available for all states and territories, not just some,” the HHS spokesperson said. The distribution, which is similar to a system employed earlier this year, will fall to HHS, which will allocate product to states and territories each week, rather administration sites ordering them directly.HHS will determine the amount of product each state and territory receives on a weekly basis. State and territorial health departments will subsequently identify sites that will receive product and how much,” the spokesperson said. “This system will help maintain equitable distribution, both geographically and temporally, across the country – providing states and territories with consistent, fairly-distributed supply over the coming weeks.”

    Previously it seems “sites” were ordering treatments based on need. That didn’t work for the Feds, so they stepped in and bought up the supplies, so they could be distributed “equitably”. They were concerned that southern red states, Florida, Texas, etc., were purchasing treatments during the summer, based on need. Remember, Delta was spreading more rapidly there because of seasonality. That way they could be withheld in anticipation of the upsurge in fall/winter in the northern blue states.

    DeSantis side stepped them and found another source, the GlaxoSmithKline monoclonal antibody treatment. The one that is still considered effective. A Governor doing the work the Feds can’t be bothered to do.

    • #48
  19. Flicker Coolidge
    Flicker
    @Flicker

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    Full Size Tabby (View Comment):

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    Hated for doing the same thing as which?

    I have read several reports that during the AIDS crisis in the 1980s Dr. Fauci was all in for developing an AIDS vaccine, and he vigorously opposed developing treatments for those already infected. [There are now effective treatments for AIDS, but there is still no vaccine.]

    Interesting. Thanks for clarifying.

    I knew a woman who worked in HIV vaccine development at Hopkins in the late 80s and early 90s and every time I’d see her instead of saying “Hello,” she’d say, “They’re never going to get a vaccine, it mutates too fast.”

    • #49
  20. The Reticulator Member
    The Reticulator
    @TheReticulator

    Flicker (View Comment):

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    Full Size Tabby (View Comment):

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    Hated for doing the same thing as which?

    I have read several reports that during the AIDS crisis in the 1980s Dr. Fauci was all in for developing an AIDS vaccine, and he vigorously opposed developing treatments for those already infected. [There are now effective treatments for AIDS, but there is still no vaccine.]

    Interesting. Thanks for clarifying.

    I knew a woman who worked in HIV vaccine development at Hopkins in the late 80s and early 90s and every time I’d see her instead of saying “Hello,” she’d say, “They’re never going to get a vaccine, it mutates too fast.

    That’s part of the problem,  but there are other complications with that virus that are even tougher to deal with. 

    • #50
  21. Flicker Coolidge
    Flicker
    @Flicker

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    Flicker (View Comment):

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    Full Size Tabby (View Comment):

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    Hated for doing the same thing as which?

    I have read several reports that during the AIDS crisis in the 1980s Dr. Fauci was all in for developing an AIDS vaccine, and he vigorously opposed developing treatments for those already infected. [There are now effective treatments for AIDS, but there is still no vaccine.]

    Interesting. Thanks for clarifying.

    I knew a woman who worked in HIV vaccine development at Hopkins in the late 80s and early 90s and every time I’d see her instead of saying “Hello,” she’d say, “They’re never going to get a vaccine, it mutates too fast.

    That’s part of the problem, but there are other complications with that virus that are even tougher to deal with.

    Well, this single one was difficult enough that they were never able to do it.

    • #51
  22. Patricia Jay Inactive
    Patricia Jay
    @Patriciajay

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    Patricia Jay (View Comment):

    DonG (CAGW is a hoax) (View Comment):

    Kozak (View Comment):
    Since there is no way to know clinically which strain it is, I would think it would make sense to continue to treat those at high risk or who are showing severe symptoms from Covid.

    Yes! The FDA has gone crazy with its all-or-nothing mindset applied to 330 million individuals. As for “no way to know clinically”, I would think the symptoms would make it clear if the infection was upper or lower respiratory centered, which is good enough to choose monoclonal antibodies. I think doctors still use stethoscopes;)

    As for Florida, it is a 40 minute boat ride to be in international waters. I expect some enterprising casino cruise business to add Covid Treatments. Blackjack, craps and Ivermectin here!

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    Hated for doing the same thing as which?

    Delaying possible therapeutics.

    • #52
  23. DrewInWisconsin, Oaf Member
    DrewInWisconsin, Oaf
    @DrewInWisconsin

    Patricia Jay (View Comment):

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    Patricia Jay (View Comment):

    DonG (CAGW is a hoax) (View Comment):

    Kozak (View Comment):
    Since there is no way to know clinically which strain it is, I would think it would make sense to continue to treat those at high risk or who are showing severe symptoms from Covid.

    Yes! The FDA has gone crazy with its all-or-nothing mindset applied to 330 million individuals. As for “no way to know clinically”, I would think the symptoms would make it clear if the infection was upper or lower respiratory centered, which is good enough to choose monoclonal antibodies. I think doctors still use stethoscopes;)

    As for Florida, it is a 40 minute boat ride to be in international waters. I expect some enterprising casino cruise business to add Covid Treatments. Blackjack, craps and Ivermectin here!

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    Hated for doing the same thing as which?

    Delaying possible therapeutics.

    Well, and killing people with experimental drugs.

    • #53
  24. Fake John/Jane Galt Coolidge
    Fake John/Jane Galt
    @FakeJohnJaneGalt

    DrewInWisconsin, Oaf (View Comment):

    Patricia Jay (View Comment):

    The Reticulator (View Comment):

    Patricia Jay (View Comment):

    DonG (CAGW is a hoax) (View Comment):

    Kozak (View Comment):
    Since there is no way to know clinically which strain it is, I would think it would make sense to continue to treat those at high risk or who are showing severe symptoms from Covid.

    Yes! The FDA has gone crazy with its all-or-nothing mindset applied to 330 million individuals. As for “no way to know clinically”, I would think the symptoms would make it clear if the infection was upper or lower respiratory centered, which is good enough to choose monoclonal antibodies. I think doctors still use stethoscopes;)

    As for Florida, it is a 40 minute boat ride to be in international waters. I expect some enterprising casino cruise business to add Covid Treatments. Blackjack, craps and Ivermectin here!

    Fauci was really hated during the AIDS outbreak for doing the same thing. Just the opposite of Trump’s “right to try” philosophy.

    Hated for doing the same thing as which?

    Delaying possible therapeutics.

    Well, and killing people with experimental drugs.

    I suspect it is legal

    • #54
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