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The Challenge of Free Trade: How Does One Side Win When Everyone Cheats?
I used to be a believer in Free Trade. No matter what, I thought the trade policy of America should be that there are no limits whatsoever to trade. If the other side had all sorts of restrictions, it did not matter, because it was always better for Americans on the whole to have total free trade. Why did I believe this? Because learned people said it was so, and that was good enough for me.
However, as I have aged, I have grown more an more uncomfortable with the idea that one side trading free and the other side putting up restrictions is always best for the most Americans. It is counterintuitive, to say the least. For instance, how can it be better for me as an American, that American farmers cannot sell their goods in the EU so that EU farmers are protected? How does that help Americans as a whole, exactly, when American farmers have to compete on an uneven playing field? Less competitive EU farmers get the benefits of higher prices, while American farmers have to run even leaner. How does that help the average American?
From a security standpoint, the US armed forces are buying electronics from one of our two rivals. I cannot imagine that the Chinese government is using this to spy on us somehow, but setting that aside, if we went to war with China, where will get the parts? It makes no sense to outsource a strategic industry to another nation. At least to me. I am sure it makes 100 percent sense to the Free Traders. All Free Trade, no matter what, all the time. Nothing is zero-sum, everything is win-win, even when the other partner is a geopolitical rival. Germany should not worry if it is dependent on Russia for its power, because that is the best way to get power, and if the whole Germany power industry goes down, well, that is just free trade to Russia. No worries.
So, I no longer believe in Free Trade at all times. If you are a free trader, I’d love to have my mind changed.
Published in General
But again, we already have a significant military force. Production becomes an issue in a prolonged war with mass expenditures of physical goods – this happened in WWII. It did not happen in Vietnam, or in Iraq, or in Afghanistan. Also, if China suddenly decides to stop producing steel (which, in a war, it likely would), what would happen? Small players in the steel industry suddenly take advantage and invest in mass output. Intermediaries buy from China and put those goods on the international market. We end up paying higher prices during war time, but that is always the case. You can bet that if we went to war with China, Great Britain or Mexico would come a knocking: “hey, we’ve got some steel plants, guys.”
The likelihood of war in general does not equal the likelihood of the very specific war scenario you proposed, though, Hank, where China’s war with us deprives us of access to all steel until we start from scratch to make our own.
You may think war in general is a thousand to a billion times more likely than Ryan finds the specific scenario you posited, and both you and Ryan may be in agreement on your estimates of the likelihood of war in general.
I take this to mean that the first order effect of “The government raised the price on American coffee. Some Cubans choose to pay the raised price.” implies a second order effect of “Cubans who pay too much for coffee no longer have the money to pay for other things”. Okay, yeah, I can buy that.
Because that’s the way markets work. People don’t just sit on resources.
Right now, there are million craft breweries in the US. Heck, there’s one in every small town in Montana. At some point, demand won’t be able to keep up with that. Of course, it arose because there was a demand (or cheap hops, or whatever else), but once the demand is met, prices will fall (good for the consumer), but many of the breweries will go out of business. Those are entrepreneurs. They won’t just quit their businesses, they will say “how else could I make money?” and they will seek areas of demand, or they will innovate. Investors are always looking to make money; when one thing doesn’t work, they actively seek out things that will.
That also assumes in a war scenario against someone else China wouldn’t hold out on selling us steel in order to gain more benefits out of it. I’ll grant that it’s also not likely we’d be needing to build more aircraft carriers against anyone else, but the need for additional steel over regular requirements would still exist.
“Very specific”? I don’t think so. The nature of the question is about whether there may be national security reasons to protect a given industry. The postulates of A) the second most powerful country in the world being willing to pick a fight with the most powerful, and B) that steel might be a useful thing to have in war time really aren’t that big of an ask.
I think I’m going to have to cite Wolverine here. Even though he heals very quickly it “hurts every time”.
But no matter. I’ll concede the point.
One more thing about this, though. Think of virtually any good. I happen to be drinking a big glass of coconut water right now (hey, it’s hot here!). If there is an el nino effect or maybe a tsunami or hurricane or something else that impacts coconut production, the cost of my coconut water might go up. A tariff is a force just like those (though it is an unnecessary one). It may very well be that us producers simply raise their prices to whatever the market will bear, and US consumers are indeed hurt by foreign tariffs. I imagine we can think of a lot of products where we pay fairly high prices, and if we really traced it back, we’d find it to be the result of EU regulations and tariffs. In this sense, we should actively seek to encourage the elimination of foreign tariffs and regulations. Again, I fully understand that many people believe this to be the goal of a “trade war,” but we’ve already seen that with tariffs, the local impact is enormous while foreign impact is generally much, much smaller. In any other contest, that sort of engagement would be exceedingly foolish.
I am at least somewhat sympathetic to the arguments that, hey, these tariffs are merely a tool and the goal is reduction of all tariffs. But that doesn’t make them good – it doesn’t change the fact that they become entitlements or that it is especially dangerous to benefit a small group while spreading the cost, or that this damages our economy as a whole. But most of all, that argument absolutely depends on the strength and truth of free-market economics.
In answer to the OP: the only way to “cheat” in free trade is through force. It’s something our government can do to us, and something that foreign governments can only do through acts of war. The real challenge of free trade is understanding that it is not about winning and losing, it is not a zero sum game, it is not a war.
We can take me out of the equation, I don’t matter.
Anyone else, kinda does matter. If your best answer isn’t satisfactory to a large enough section of the voting public, you will get more protectionism and less free trade, whether from Donald Trump style Republicans or from Democrats. Trump and Clinton were both running on some form of protectionism and opposed things like TPP.
Hank, once again you’re generalizing beyond the specific scenario you first proposed.
In the first scenario you gave us, the US was getting all its steel from China (something it already doesn’t do, already making the scenario unlikely), went to war with China, had a war long and hard enough (unlike several skirmishes the US has recently been involved in) to deplete our existing materiel and require mass manufacture of new materiel, and found (despite the existence of Canada, Brazil, Mexico, and other countries with manufacturers who might be more than happy, as Ryan mentioned, to sell us steel during wartime) no other source for steel besides China except making our own from scratch.
I agree with you steel is likely to be dearer to the US during wartime, but how much dearer, given all the ways war might occur, and what’s the best way to prepare? Subsidizing the US steel industry to keep it at the capacity we *might* someday need for war with China is only one option, and not necessarily the best one (I include tariffs targeted at a specific good among forms of subsidy).
…Okay, the US doesn’t actually import much steel at all from China. I was unaware of that. Pretty much obviates that hypothetical.
But that a war with China would be long and hard? C’mon, there’s nothing unreasonable about that assumption. Hey, maybe it’d be a skirmish like Afghanistan. Maybe they’d topple like Montezuma when the Spaniards came calling. But you don’t plan your wars based around rosy assumptions like that. When’s the last time two Great Powers went to war and it was quick and easy for one of them? (Okay, Germany/France, 1940. And the Franco-Prussian war before that. When was the last time not picking France as the loser?)
A war where we don’t use up the material we have on hand? Again, good luck with that. Why on earth would I plan for a war that didn’t include the war?
A war that wouldn’t require the production of more materiel? Maybe WWII is atypical. Look back at WWI. Featured such exciting new innovations as tanks and poison gas. The Civil War? The Gatling gun, the Minnie ball, and oh yeah the ironclad. If you’re fighting a major war you’re either producing the next generation of weapons or you’re dying to them. Maybe the Taliban didn’t have the resources to force us to innovate. China does. (To the Hammer Man’s point, if innovation is to win us a war we’ll also need production to get us there, and the raw materials to feed it.)
And others to sell it to us? Sure they will. Enough? In a timely manner? Maybe.
But again, this whole example is pointless to argue because one of my fundamental premises (that the US imports a significant amount of steel from China) was fundamentally wrong.
I’ve read it, smart guy :)
Did you even read what I wrote? A Squared said that is the US lowered its restrictions, that the prices would go up, and said it was simple math.
Please explain how is the US allows drugs to come from other nations freely it won’t decrease prices.
Okay so, what about it’s lessons do you believe are not applicable in 2018?
I am sorry, talking about your “own people” is tribalism. I know, because I have been lectured that any such talk is a bad thing. We don’t have “people” or even “sides”. Everyone is just talking about policy.
Yeah, I get it, but the fact that people don’t understand how things work and they have the power to force others to give them things doesn’t make placating them a “better answer.” At that point, you’re basically just bribing them.
The best thing you could probably do is eliminate the welfare state and let the private institutions regrow and take over taking care of people with a healthy dose of strings attached. Eliminate the minimum wage and corporate welfare and let people create and find the most efficient jobs.
Protectionist!
It is so nice for you to build up the person you want to argue with, and say that is everyone who disagrees with you in the thread.
That is the dumbest thing I have ever seen you say.
Given enough time, there will be another war. Humans fight wars. Hell, I’d love to bet you real money that the united states will be in a war in the next decade someplace. Oh, Congress won’t “Declare War” so if that is what you are standing on, maybe, but the US will be at war with someone in the next 10 years.
Oh wait, we are still at war right now!
I was obvious what he meant. I got it. See my last post.
But it does make things better if we can get Cuba to back off and move closer to a free market.
Do you deny that? Do any of you free traders deny that?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sqrmWFAKC0
None. Have I now walked into your trap?
So, that’s not going to happen. What else you got?
If the lessons of I, Pencil still apply, then why are you now against free trade?
China often routes its steel through other countries, so official reports on how much steel we get from China are not reliable. Will provide links in my next comment.
I am not against free trade. I am not 100% behind it in all circumstances in all times.
I am now very much moved to the idea if the other side is not engaging in free trade, over the long haul, if we can get them to relent, that is something to pursue, even if there is short term gain.
So that is a belief in Free Trade being good, but not that one should only be free while the other guy cheats.
https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-chinese-steel-the-road-to-the-u-s-goes-through-vietnam-1523352601
The status quo. People who refuse to work for the prevailing wage scraping and clawing for an ever increasing welfare state/protectionism, while killing themselves with drugs because they have no purpose in life. And the left and right being complicit because no one can come to terms with reality. That’s what I got. What do you have?
Bryan, it appears that you did not fully catch up on the thread before diving back in, guns a’blazin.