What Gay activists and the media do not understand about morality and choice.

 

Last week’s publication of a survey of hohe relevant scientific literature regarding gender identity and the biological basis if any for homosexuality has reignited the debate over whether homosexuality is a moral choice or an inborn trait analogous to race.  The survey found that there is no conclusive evidence that being gay or transgendered has a genetic origin. The gay rights community has falsely claimed the survey places the burden on those who are skeptical of the claim, as if the burden of proof is on those skeptical of a proposition to disprove the contention rather than the reverse. More importantly, however, even if it were true that sexual preference is genetic, that would not take homosexuality out of the realm of moral debate the way gay activists claim it would.

First, gay activists are trying to flip the burden of proof onto the skeptics. If homosexual preference is the result of some genetic or other physiological process, it is observable. The debate over whether homosexuality is genetic is a physical rather than metaphysical debate. Physical processes and characteristics are observable and predictable.  If no one has yet found some predictable and observable process that results in people having a sexual preference for the same sex, then the default answer is that it homosexuality is not the result of a genetic or physiological phenomenon.  If something can be seen but is not seen, we don’t assume it is there until we see it. So the burden of proof lies with those who claim that sexual preference is somehow genetically driven.

Does this study rule out the possibility that sexual preference could be genetically driven? No it doesn’t. You can’t prove a negative. It may be that every choice is driven by our genes. What this study does do, however, is show that based on the evidence we have there is no reason to believe that it is.

Even if it is someday shown that sexual preference has a genetic cause, that would not mean what gay activists are claiming it means. The entire point of claiming being gay is genetic is to remove homosexuality from the realm of moral debate. The essence of morality is agency. We don’t have moral debates over things which we don’t control.  This is why someone’s physical characteristics like their height or the color of their skin is not the subject of moral debate. A person can’t control or act upon their height or the color of their skin and thus cannot be morally judged for such in any sensible way. The fallacy of the “you can’t help but be homosexual” camp is that it forgets the distinction between preference and action.

Understand by preference, I mean our base physical preferences; those things that for whatever reason give us pleasure or make us happy. I do not mean our choices. In a very real sense “because I preferred it” is always a sensible answer to the question “why did you do that?”.  I do not mean preference in this more abstract sense. Preference in this context is the concrete I like this but don’t like that sense.

When understood in that context, it is obvious that no one can choose any of our preferences. I love rice pudding and loath anise. My wife is just the opposite. Why? Who knows. But even if we did know why, it wouldn’t matter, since neither of us chose to have those preferences.  Could I decide that rice pudding is not worth eating because it makes me fat or because the smell of it puts my wife in a bad mood? Of course I could, but it wouldn’t really change my preference for rice pudding. It would just be me putting my preference to be thin and for my wife to be in a good mood ahead of my preference for rice pudding. Rice pudding would still taste good to me and be something all things being equal I preferred.

That no one controls their preferences is especially true with regard to base physical desires like sex. No one ever wakes up and consciously decides they find a certain body type or sexual act to be desirable. It just happens. Indeed, no matter how unattractive you find a particular body type or how disgusting you find a particular sexual kink, a five second search of the internet will reveal people who find only that body type attractive and that kink to be worth pursuing. None of those people made a conscious choice that those things appealed to them. They just do.

Yet, we still hold people accountable and think that it is acceptable for people to discriminate based upon how someone acts on those preferences. Just because you can’t help but find something desirable does not mean that it is okay to act on that preference.  Whether it is or not is the entire point of moral debate. If people didn’t in some cases find immoral actions to be preferable, there would be no immorality and no reason for moral debate.

One of the unsaid assumptions of this debate is that a personal preference is necessarily a good thing and that if someone prefers something no one has a right to claim that preference is wrong. This is completely false. People prefer and find pleasure in all kinds of immoral and awful things. The gangster Jimmy Burke of Goodfellas fame was said to derive intense pleasure from stealing. Even if he had money that he had made honestly, he preferred to use money he had stolen because the knowledge that it was stolen made spending it that much more desirable. Some people are sadists and derive pleasure from inflicting pain.  You could no doubt give all kinds of psychological explainations for why someone like Burke loved stealing or someone like the Marquis DeSade loved inflicting pain. Those explanations, even if valid, would not change the fact that neither DeSade nor Burke ever made the conscious choice to find such things pleasurable.

This is not to say that all preferences are bad or that homosexuality is the same thing as stealing or sadism. It does, however, show that just because something makes someone happy or is desirable to them doesn’t mean their acting on it is beyond moral question.

Indeed, this is why pedophilia presents such a problem for the gay community. Pedophilia is a sexual preference. In response to gays claiming that they cannot be morally judged because they can’t help their sexual preferences, pedophiles have not unreasonably demanded the same respect. The response of the gay community has been to claim that being gay is not the same as being a pedophile. That of course is true. It also, however, gives away the game. Being gay is not the same as being a pedophile because it doesn’t involve victimizing children and is thus not on the same moral plain as pedophilia.  Saying that, however, places homosexuality into the realm of moral conduct, which defeats the entire purpose of claiming that being gay is genetic.

So, it doesn’t matter if the elusive “gay gene” is found. That won’t mean anything that we don’t already know; namely that people don’t consciously choose what at a base level appeals to them.  People can’t help it that they are attracted to others of the same sex. Since no one chooses what appeals to them, that doesn’t make being “gay” any different than not liking to get up early in the morning or liking bread pudding and no anise or any other preference.

Moreover, the claim that because gays cannot help that they are attracted to the same sex means that being gay is like the color of someone’s skin rather than like every other preference is profoundly dehumanizing to gays. I can’t help it I like attractive women in their 20s. If I act on that preference, however, my wife is still justified in divorcing me and my boss, if he is a moralizer, can still fire me because adulterers are not a protected class. Just because I prefer something doesn’t mean I am compelled to act on that preference such that doing so is just some kind of immutable part of who I am and beyond moral judgement. To say otherwise is to deny my moral agency and reduce me to the level of an animal. Taken on its face, gays are dehumanizing themselves  with this argument.

The argument that being gay is genetic probably shouldn’t be taken at face value. Gays who make this argument do not view themselves as dehumanized animals that cannot be expected to have moral agency. Instead, gays are disguising a moral argument as a scientific one.

The purpose behind the claim that sexual preference is genetic is to compel the government to legislate morality. Many people rightly or wrongly find homosexuality to be morally objectionable. Others, find it morally acceptable. The second group wants the government to legally compel its moral view onto the other side. The gay rights community and its supporters do not admit this fact however because admitting it would require both admitting that they intend to legislate morality (something they falsely claim only the other side does) and engaging in an honest debate over the morality of homosexuality (something they consider to be beneath them).  Instead, they hide their moral claims in scientific claims and the language of race and civil rights.

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  1. Cato Rand Inactive
    Cato Rand
    @CatoRand

    MJBubba:

    Cato Rand:

    MJBubba:

    Herbert:

    As far as marriage goes, Herbert, you were a sometimes participant in the many posts where we discussed Same-sex “marriage.” Are you trying to push some old buttons? Or are you just still gloating over your victory in the courts?

    Are YOU trying to push some old buttons MJ?

    My “marriage” is a marriage, pursuant to both duly enacted legislation in my state of residence and the opinion of the SCOTUS. I’ll thank you to stop putting it in scare quotes.

    I know it makes you cringe. That just comes with the culture war turf.

    I am determined to keep putting “scare quotes” on Same-sex “marriage” until I am no longer seeing scare quotes on “religious liberty.”

    And I’ll continue considering it a personal affront, and w/r/t “religious liberty” I’ll try to remember that I’m defending a principle, not people like you.

    • #61
  2. Zafar Member
    Zafar
    @Zafar

    Think: Voltaire.

    (Also: oy vey.  Must we?)

    • #62
  3. Zafar Member
    Zafar
    @Zafar

    @mjbubba – come on man, with love.  With love.

    • #63
  4. Midget Faded Rattlesnake Member
    Midget Faded Rattlesnake
    @Midge

    John Kluge:

    Midget Faded Rattlesnake:

    John Kluge:

    Gary McVey:

    Do me a favor and try understanding the post. You have seen evidence that the preference, like all preferences is not a choice. The entire rest of the post explains why that is a meaningless assertion.

    Frankly, you should stay away from debating morality. You clearly lack the reasoning skills to do so. Stop commenting on posts that you don’t understand.

    Yes, please do stop with the personal attack.

    As for preferences never being choices, we can choose to educate our preferences to some degree. At any one instant we just like what we like, but over time, there is in fact some choice involved.

    Stop misquoting my argument. It is not a personal attack. It is pointing you that the commenter completely misunderstands my point. If that comes across as person, well make better points because I have no patience for irrelevant ones.

    What on earth?

    What Tom said:

    Tom Meyer, Ed.: Telling a fellow member that he “lacks the reasoning skills” necessary to comment on your post is a personal attack. In contrast, criticizing his comment as poorly-reasoned, etc. makes the same point without attacking the person.

    • #64
  5. Bob Thompson Member
    Bob Thompson
    @BobThompson

    MJBubba:

    Zafar:

    Full Size Tabby:

    Because I also view homosexual sex as self-destructive behavior, the new push to favor homosexual sex will harm many people by encouraging them to engage in such self-destructive behavior.

    Equality does not make straight people gay – no matter how enticing the concept.

    Perhaps not. But, in the American “blue states,” your side has gone so far now that Big Education is teaching the kids that Christians are irrational hateful bigots, and outlawing the expression of the opinion that gay sex is self-destructive to the participants.

    This exemplifies conditions where morality and legality are appropriately different on the same issue. And it also illustrates a difficulty in maintaining our Constitutional protections of individual liberty and religious liberty. Christians have a religious duty to come to the aid of those where doctrine says they are engaged in destructive behavior. Christian doctrine also acknowledges that individuals possess agency and responsibility for their behavior. Our political system works to balance these conflicts and particularly to avoid destructive behavior that goes beyond the acting individual and harms other innocent parties.

    • #65
  6. Cato Rand Inactive
    Cato Rand
    @CatoRand

    John, online forums, such as this one, require a certain amount of finesse to navigate.  A few things to keep in mind:

    1. People will sometimes misunderstand you.  At it’s best, a forum like this is an opportunity to talk through those misunderstandings and either come to agreement, or come to a better understanding of the basis of your disagreement.  Jumping straight to “you obviously don’t have the brains for this” when a misunderstanding/disagreement occurs gets you nowhere.
    2. Gary is a very smart guy.  I’ve known him on here for several years.  He doesn’t lack mental horsepower.
    3. Sometimes people will make you mad.  Hopefully that’s at least after having made an effort to talk things out with them though, and based on a real understanding of what they’re saying.  If you launch into an attack on someone’s intelligence based on one comment, you’re not even giving it a chance.
    4. I notice you’re pretty new.  You should know that Tom and Midge are sheriffs around here.  They’re not just random members.  And they’ve both now gently admonished you about your lack of patience and verbal explosiveness in responding to Gary.
    5. You wrote a good, thoughtful OP (from a side of the fence I’m not on let me add).  Don’t spoil it by behaving badly in the comments.  Instead, dive in and re-explain, defend, etc. your position.  It’ll be more rewarding.  Guaranteed.
    • #66
  7. Midget Faded Rattlesnake Member
    Midget Faded Rattlesnake
    @Midge

    Cato Rand: I notice you’re pretty new. You should know that Tom and Midge are sheriffs around here. They’re not just random members. And they’ve both now gently admonished you about your lack of patience and verbal explosiveness in responding to Gary.

    To elaborate a bit more, Editors and Moderators on this site both moderate. They are labeled “Editor” or “Moderator” on the strip beneath their avatars – where other members have “Member” or their membership level. Moderators do not edit members’ comments – Editors do that, with Editor’s notes and redactions. Both this Knowledge Base article on Mods and my profile explains some more about what R>’s Mods do, if  John still has questions.

    • #67
  8. Severely Ltd. Inactive
    Severely Ltd.
    @SeverelyLtd

    Gary McVey:We’re not going to resolve this–we all know that, right? MJ Bubba vs. Cato are the top of the line for their respective positions, so this as refined as this fight is going to get. This isn’t “Perry Mason”. Nobody’s going to break down on the witness stand and confess they were wrong.

    Are we defining ‘resolve’ here as as “settling an issue to everyone’s satisfaction”?

    Okay then, can we define ‘everyone’ as “all members smart enough to understand and agree with my point”?

    Resolved!

    • #68
  9. MJBubba Member
    MJBubba
    @

    Zafar:@mjbubba – come on man, with love. With love.

    Zafar,  sometimes love is hard work.

    Sometimes the reservoir of patience was drawn down by unrelated activities.

    And sometimes the side that just lost a few battles is not defeated and is unwilling to act defeated.

    I bear no personal ill will to either you or Cato R.

    I make no apologies for believing you are headed in a wrong direction.

    • #69
  10. Zafar Member
    Zafar
    @Zafar

    MJBubba:

    Zafar:@mjbubba – come on man, with love. With love.

    Zafar, sometimes love is hard work.

    Sometimes the reservoir of patience was drawn down by unrelated activities.

    And sometimes the side that just lost a few battles is not defeated and is unwilling to act defeated.

    I bear no personal ill will to either you or Cato R.

    I make no apologies for believing you are headed in a wrong direction.

    Sure, and you said it so nicely here that no apologies needed.

    • #70
  11. MJBubba Member
    MJBubba
    @

    Zafar:

    MJBubba:

    Zafar:@mjbubba – come on man, with love. With love.

    Zafar, sometimes love is hard work.

    Sometimes the reservoir of patience was drawn down by unrelated activities.

    And sometimes the side that just lost a few battles is not defeated and is unwilling to act defeated.

    I bear no personal ill will to either you or Cato R.

    I make no apologies for believing you are headed in a wrong direction.

    Sure, and you said it so nicely here that no apologies needed.

    I will admit that I was not feeling particularly nice.

    But, love is not really about how you feel.

    • #71
  12. Godzilla Member
    Godzilla
    @Godzilla

    One point not made here. Sex is the act that procreates new human life. When we use the terms like “anal sex” or “oral sex” we are being imprecise. They are really not sex but forms of mutual masturbation. The change in usage form sodomy to oral sex came with a change in implicit understanding. Sex has become about the experience, not about procreation. This shift in understanding made homosexual sex seem as good as heterosexual sex. When sex is tied to procreation, homosexual sex is seen as an oxymoron.

    Homosexuality is a mis-wiring of the individual. Tab P goes in slot V, not slot A. The purpose of sex can not be fulfilled with out a male and a female. It matters not how the mis-wiring came about. The loving thing to do is to help those with the mis-wiring to rewire and/or to cope. There are many people of homosexual tenancies who marry and have children. (See Robert Oscar Lopez and his COG Watch podcasts) It is not a loving thing to confirm someone in his mis-wiring. Compassion yes, confirmation no.

    • #72
  13. Bob Thompson Member
    Bob Thompson
    @BobThompson

    Godzilla:One point not made here. Sex is the act that procreates new human life. When we use the terms like “anal sex” or “oral sex” we are being imprecise. They are really not sex but forms of mutual masturbation. The change in usage form sodomy to oral sex came with a change in implicit understanding. Sex has become about the experience, not about procreation. This shift in understanding made homosexual sex seem as good as heterosexual sex. When sex is tied to procreation, homosexual sex is seen as an oxymoron.

    Homosexuality is a mis-wiring of the individual. Tab P goes in slot V, not slot A. The purpose of sex can not be fulfilled with out a male and a female. It matters not how the mis-wiring came about. The loving thing to do is to help those with the mis-wiring to rewire and/or to cope. There are many people of homosexual tenancies who marry and have children. (See Robert Oscar Lopez and his COG Watch podcasts) It is not a loving thing to confirm someone in his mis-wiring. Compassion yes, confirmation no.

    Considered in this light, it’s not difficult to understand what happened to marriage.

    • #73
  14. Herbert Member
    Herbert
    @Herbert

    Godzilla:One point not made here. Sex is the act that procreates new human life. When we use the terms like “anal sex” or “oral sex” we are being imprecise. They are really not sex but forms of mutual masturbation. The change in usage form sodomy to oral sex came with a change in implicit understanding. Sex has become about the experience, not about procreation. This shift in understanding made homosexual sex seem as good as heterosexual sex. When sex is tied to procreation, homosexual sex is seen as an oxymoron.

    Homosexuality is a mis-wiring of the individual. Tab P goes in slot V, not slot A. The purpose of sex can not be fulfilled with out a male and a female. It matters not how the mis-wiring came about. The loving thing to do is to help those with the mis-wiring to rewire and/or to cope. There are many people of homosexual tenancies who marry and have children. (See Robert Oscar Lopez and his COG Watch podcasts) It is not a loving thing to confirm someone in his mis-wiring. Compassion yes, confirmation no.

    So you are one of those who accepted the Bill Clinton statement of  “I did not have sexual relations with that woman…” as being truthful?

    • #74
  15. Henry Castaigne Member
    Henry Castaigne
    @HenryCastaigne

    John Kluge: Indeed, this is why pedophilia presents such a problem for the gay community. Pedophilia is a sexual preference. In response to gays claiming that they cannot be morally judged because they can’t help their sexual preferences, pedophiles have not unreasonably demanded the same respect. The response of the gay community has been to claim that being gay is not the same as being a pedophile. That of course is true. It also, however, gives away the game. Being gay is not the same as being a pedophile because it doesn’t involve victimizing children and is thus not on the same moral plain as pedophilia. Saying that, however, places homosexuality into the realm of moral conduct, which defeats the entire purpose of claiming that being gay is genetic.

    According to the current conventional wisdom among psychologists, most pedophiles don’t have sex with children. The definition of a pedophile is someone who is attracted to children, nothing more.

    • #75
  16. Henry Castaigne Member
    Henry Castaigne
    @HenryCastaigne

    MJBubba:There is some evidence, in fact, that getting sexually molested as a child, at particular ages, can trigger expressed genetic proclivities to assert greater effects on the child’s brain.

    All this research is pretty new stuff, and there are a lot more theories than real information.

    The problem is, this is such a controversial field that research is inhibited.

    A theory I heard was that sexual predators (not all of whom are homosexual though the vast majority are male) target young gay boys because they are easier than young straight boys.

    • #76
  17. TeamAmerica Member
    TeamAmerica
    @TeamAmerica

    @John Kluge- Do you have a link to the study?

    • #77
  18. Zafar Member
    Zafar
    @Zafar

    Pedophilia is only a relevant issue here if the acceptance of homosexuality is predicated on it being genetic and not due to other factors.  But really the acceptance of homosexuality can only be predicated on the fact (or opinion) that there’s nothing wrong with it.   And sure, one can agree or disagree about that, and why, but that’s the heart of the issue. A focus on genetics is misunderstanding the issue as most gay people (my guess) see it – and as most straight people see it too.  Jmho.

    • #78
  19. Gary McVey Contributor
    Gary McVey
    @GaryMcVey

    Zafar:…the acceptance of homosexuality can only be predicated on the fact (or opinion) that there’s nothing wrong with it. And sure, one can agree or disagree about that, and why, but that’s the heart of the issue.

    Yep. There’s nothing wrong with it. That’s the dividing line, the fundamental truth that is so hard for some people to take. They won’t be convinced, so they’re being rapidly outnumbered. After reading hundreds of Rico comments like #72 I don’t feel sorry for them.

    • #79
  20. Godzilla Member
    Godzilla
    @Godzilla

    Gary McVey:

    Zafar:…the acceptance of homosexuality can only be predicated on the fact (or opinion) that there’s nothing wrong with it. And sure, one can agree or disagree about that, and why, but that’s the heart of the issue.

    Yep. There’s nothing wrong with it. That’s the dividing line, the fundamental truth that is so hard for some people to take. They won’t be convinced, so they’re being rapidly outnumbered. After reading hundreds of Rico comments like #72 I don’t feel sorry for them.

    @Gary McVey, there is something wrong with it and it is obvious. Homosexuality does not use the sexual organs for their intended purpose. It is an obvious mis-wiring. This fundamental truth is what must be suppressed, which is why the movement is authoritarian in nature. It is why pizza makers must be crushed when they do not think correctly.

    • #80
  21. Godzilla Member
    Godzilla
    @Godzilla

    Herbert:

    So you are one of those who accepted the Bill Clinton statement of “I did not have sexual relations with that woman…” as being truthful?

    Yes, technically it was. Though, to use the old term, he did sodomize her.

    • #81
  22. Cato Rand Inactive
    Cato Rand
    @CatoRand

    Bob Thompson:

    Godzilla:One point not made here. Sex is the act that procreates new human life. When we use the terms like “anal sex” or “oral sex” we are being imprecise. They are really not sex but forms of mutual masturbation. The change in usage form sodomy to oral sex came with a change in implicit understanding. Sex has become about the experience, not about procreation. This shift in understanding made homosexual sex seem as good as heterosexual sex. When sex is tied to procreation, homosexual sex is seen as an oxymoron.

    Homosexuality is a mis-wiring of the individual. Tab P goes in slot V, not slot A. The purpose of sex can not be fulfilled with out a male and a female. It matters not how the mis-wiring came about. The loving thing to do is to help those with the mis-wiring to rewire and/or to cope. There are many people of homosexual tenancies who marry and have children. (See Robert Oscar Lopez and his COG Watch podcasts) It is not a loving thing to confirm someone in his mis-wiring. Compassion yes, confirmation no.

    Considered in this light, it’s not difficult to understand what happened to marriage.

    Considered in this light, it’s not difficult to understand why so many people have stopped listening to the pleas for “religious liberty.”  You keep asking for respect while extending none.

    • #82
  23. Cato Rand Inactive
    Cato Rand
    @CatoRand

    Godzilla:

    Gary McVey:

    Zafar:…the acceptance of homosexuality can only be predicated on the fact (or opinion) that there’s nothing wrong with it. And sure, one can agree or disagree about that, and why, but that’s the heart of the issue.

    Yep. There’s nothing wrong with it. That’s the dividing line, the fundamental truth that is so hard for some people to take. They won’t be convinced, so they’re being rapidly outnumbered. After reading hundreds of Rico comments like #72 I don’t feel sorry for them.

    @Gary McVey, there is something wrong with it and it is obvious. Homosexuality does not use the sexual organs for their intended purpose. It is an obvious mis-wiring. This fundamental truth is what must be suppressed, which is why the movement is authoritarian in nature. It is why pizza makers must be crushed when they do not think correctly.

    God, how do you know that you’re the one who’s supposed to decide whether other people are “mis-wired” as opposed to “differently wired.”

    • #83
  24. Patrickb63 Coolidge
    Patrickb63
    @Patrickb63

    Bob Thompson:

    Kate Braestrup: It is our task, as human beings, to figure out whats moral and what isn’t.

    Is this an individual or a collective task?

    It’s both.  There some things societies as a whole must say are immoral, and some which individuals must decide is immoral.

    • #84
  25. Tom Meyer Member
    Tom Meyer
    @tommeyer

    Godzilla:

    @Gary McVey, there is something wrong with it and it is obvious. Homosexuality does not use the sexual organs for their intended purpose.

    Without saying much more, this sort of teleological argument isn’t obvious to everyone. Saying that PiV intercourse is unique in an important way doesn’t require one to believe that all other sexual activities are immoral or violate natural law.

    This fundamental truth is what must be suppressed, which is why the movement is authoritarian in nature. It is why pizza makers must be crushed when they do not think correctly.

    Similarly, I can’t help but point out that it’s entirely possible to favor legal recognition of SSM while opposing leftist abridgments of freedom of association and conscience.

    • #85
  26. Cato Rand Inactive
    Cato Rand
    @CatoRand

    Is that some cool editor magic you have Tom?  Or is the site’s formatting screwed up?

    • #86
  27. Cato Rand Inactive
    Cato Rand
    @CatoRand

    Godzilla:

    Gary McVey:

    Zafar:…the acceptance of homosexuality can only be predicated on the fact (or opinion) that there’s nothing wrong with it. And sure, one can agree or disagree about that, and why, but that’s the heart of the issue.

    Yep. There’s nothing wrong with it. That’s the dividing line, the fundamental truth that is so hard for some people to take. They won’t be convinced, so they’re being rapidly outnumbered. After reading hundreds of Rico comments like #72 I don’t feel sorry for them.

    @Gary McVey, there is something wrong with it and it is obvious. Homosexuality does not use the sexual organs for their intended purpose. It is an obvious mis-wiring. This fundamental truth is what must be suppressed, which is why the movement is authoritarian in nature. It is why pizza makers must be crushed when they do not think correctly.

    @Godzilla Let me take another run at this.  Whose “intention” are we talking about?

    • #87
  28. Tom Meyer Member
    Tom Meyer
    @tommeyer

    Cato Rand:Is that some cool editor magic you have Tom? Or is the site’s formatting screwed up?

    [expletive]. Fixed.

    • #88
  29. Zafar Member
    Zafar
    @Zafar

    Cato Rand, just remember your blood pressure.

    • #89
  30. Herbert Member
    Herbert
    @Herbert

    Patrickb63: It’s both. There some things societies as a whole must say are immoral, and some which individuals must decide is immoral.

    correct

    • #90
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