Men That Changed the 20th Century

 

The first half of the 20th century was a silver age for inventors, exceeded only by the previous half-century. It introduced some of the most important technologies of the modern world: mass production, aircraft, and telecommunications among them.

From the Early 1900s to the Mid-1900s: Henry Ford to Walt Disney, History’s Most Influential Inventors, edited by Robert Curley, is part of a series of slim volumes with biographies of inventors. The series is divided chronologically.

This volume focuses on inventors who became prominent between roughly 1900 and 1950. It contains thirteen biographies starting with Ford and ending with Disney. Their achievements are spread among a broad spectrum of technology. Chemistry, industrial engineering, aviation, architecture, entertainment, and food preparation are represented.

The sounds and silence of North Korea

 

So I am reading through Yeonmi Park’s book about North Korea.  Regrettably, I am reading it so slowly that she might come out with a new book before I finish this one. I’m not lollygagging because the book is either boring or dull. Far from it, in fact. The horrors in it are so interesting that I have to pause and listen to some mindless YouTube rant to bring balance to my psyche.

We all know the horrors of life in North Korea, but Yeonmi Park brings the individual touch to the finer details of life in the least-free country on Earth.

Stopping the Gangs of New York

 

As the 20th century dawned, New York City was filled with vice and corruption. The worst area was the Lower East Side, a densely populated slum into which Eastern European immigrants poured, including many Russian and Polish Jews.

The Incorruptibles: A True Story of Kingpins, Crime Busters, and the Birth of the American Underworld, by Dan Slater, tells how some New Yorkers banded together to clean up the Lower East Side and the criminal underworld’s reaction to those efforts.

The early 20th-century wave of Eastern European Jews was preceded in New York by a mid-19th-century surge of Western European Jews, mostly German. These German Jews had assimilated, gained wealth and moved uptown. The Eastern European Jews were less educated and considerably poorer. They fled pogroms in Russia.

An EMT in Space

 

Melanie Mooney is an EMT in rural Indiana when she comes across an unusual accident scene while going home after a shift. Thinking it a downed experimental military jet, and being who she is, she renders aid to those inside. They prove to be space aliens straight out of a supermarket tabloid.

Interstellar Medic: The Long Run, by Patrick Chiles, opens as Melanie helps those inside a crashed “flying saucer.” It leads to an unusual job offer: to join the Galactic Union Medical Corps.

Melanie has a trait vanishingly rare among the sentient species in the Galactic Union. As she demonstrates dealing with the extraterrestrial accident victims, she can work and empathize with alien races. Most species prefer to provide medical care only to their own species. That makes it difficult to find galactic EMTs. The Galactic Union wants to give Melanie a try.

Spy and Counterspy

 

It is the 1930s and the world seems headed for another war. The Soviet Union would welcome one.  How else will the revolution dominate the world? The Soviets are expanding their spy networks in anticipation.

Every Spy a Traitor, by Alex Gerlis, follows two reluctant British recruits, code-named Archie and Bertie. Both are trapped into becoming spies.

In Archie’s case, university indiscretions are the lever used to gain cooperation. It takes little to gain his acquiescence and for reluctance to dissipate.  He is sympathetic to Communism and his upper-class background gains entry to a position in the British intelligence structure, where he serves as a double agent.

The World’s Most Valuable Fabric

 

Silk. There are few fabrics with a greater reputation for luxury or a more storied past. Produced for thousands of years, the Silk Road brought silk from China to Europe during Roman times. It is one of the most beautiful and strongest fibers in the world.

Silk: A World History, by Aarathi Prasad, tells the story of silk. It explains its origins, discusses its production and shows its impact throughout history in three parts. The first discusses silk produced by moths. The second examines other sources of natural silk. The third takes the story through the late 19th century to the present, including its uses and synthesis attempts.

The oldest forms of silk come from moths. Prasad examines the history of the silkworm, starting before its domestication 4000 years ago. She shows how Chinese farmers harvested wild silkworm cocoons 7500 to 5000 years ago and wove their silk into cloth. She shows how this moth, now known as the Bombyx, was domesticated, and how an industry that eventually spread worldwide grew around them.

The Weapon That Could Have Won The War, But Didn’t

 

In 1940, Polaroid and Edwin Land were best known for polarized film, used most famously in sunglasses. When World War II started, Land thought up another use for polarized light, one he hoped would yield a war-winning bombsight.

Rings of Fire: How an Unlikely Team of Scientists, Ex-Cons, Women, and Native Americans Helped Win World War II, by Larry J. Hughes, tells the story of the Optical Ring Sight, a weapon with the potential to win the war — that did not.

Land’s bombsight used the unique light-polarizing properties of calcite. It created concentric brightly-colored circles. The military realized it was a better gunsight than bombsight. Centering targets within the rings aimed the gun perfectly. It did not require crosshairs or for the observer to be optically aligned to the sight. Simple to use, guns equipped with ORS sights yielded double the hits of identical guns with iron sights.

Vance’s Hillbilly Elegy

 

Since JD Vance is now Trump’s VP candidate, I decided to get my book review posted.

The book was rather celebrated by some quarters on the left as a way for people on the left to understand the shock of Trump’s 2016 election. The book’s subtitle is “A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis.” I’m guessing it is due to be heavily torn apart by the media now that Vance is Trump’s VP candidate.

Over the Roof of the World

 

One incredible achievement during World War II was the US supply of China over the Himalayan Mountains. An airlift over some of the world’s most difficult terrain. By war’s end, it moved over 750 thousand tons of cargo to China. The aircrew flying its route called the route “The Hump.”

Skies of Thunder: The Deadly World War II Mission Over the Roof of the World, by Caroline Alexander, tells the story of the Hump. The book describes the airlift, what it took to assemble the resources to conduct it, and the circumstances leading to starting and continuing it.

Ms. Alexander opens by sketching in the background, describing the wars between China and Japan and the need to supply Chinese armies from abroad. Eventually, the sole path to China was the overland Burma Road, between Rangoon, Burma (now called Myanmar), and Kunming, China. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and Britain. Japan invaded Burma, a British colony. A disastrous British defense allowed Japan to capture most of Burma, which Ms. Alexander describes in painful detail. It severed the Burma Road.

A Walk Through Hell

 

Anthony was a hitman. They rarely die of old age, but Anthony drowned trying to save a driver whose car went off a bridge into a river.

“Dark Day, Bright Hour,” by Julie Frost begins at an end, Anthony’s death. His act of heroism did not seem to matter. He regained consciousness to find himself at the gates to Hell.

It is straight out of Dante, with red hot lava and demons with pitchforks.  With Anthony is Winifred (or Freddi), the driver he tried to save. She should be among the saved. She led a virtuous and Christian life. A clerical error was obviously made. That is what her guardian angel, Zeeviel insists. He is with her to right the error.

Yacht Racing in New York

 

The America’s Cup yacht race is one of the oldest sports events. It started in 1854 and is still going strong.

Prevailing Wind by Thomas Dolby is a novel centered on the race, set in the second decade of the 20th century.

Brothers Davey and Jacob Haskell are lobstermen in Deer Island, Maine. Davey is 16, Jacob 21. They see a way to escape their poverty-stricken existence when Harold Vanderbilt brings his yacht to Deer Harbor. He is seeking a crew for the upcoming America’s Cup Race. A generation earlier, Deer Harbor men, including the Haskells’ father, crewed a winning America’s Cup yacht.  Vanderbilt hopes to recapture that lighting.

The Booth Brothers and Other Lincoln Lore

 

After snagging American Gothic: The Story of America’s Legendary Theatrical Family–Junius, Edwin, and John Wilkes Booth as a Kindle deal, I avoided reading it during my evening routine. I figured it was one of those well-written, suspenseful historical narratives that would keep me awake at night, heart beating too hard to fall asleep as I continued reading to find out what happened next.  Lincoln’s assassinator and the events surrounding the president’s shooting would surely be a topic for daylight hours.

I was almost right. The story’s pacing ranges from confusing to engrossing to weird to riveting.  And I highly recommend the experience.

Robicheaux’s World Through Clete’s Eyes

 

James Lee Burke has written two dozen books about Louisiana cop Dave Robicheaux. Present in most is Robicheaux’s former partner and friend Cletus Purcel. A former Marine, onetime New Orleans cop, and ex-Central American mercenary, Purcel returned to Louisiana and set up as a private investigator with offices in New Orleans and Dave’s New Iberia.

Clete is the twenty-fourth Dave Robicheaux novel by Burke. It differs from the earlier books because Clete Purcel is the point-of-view character, not Dave Robicheaux. It is also a chronological throwback in the series. It is set in the late 1990s shortly after the death of Robicheaux’s third wife, Bootsie, when Robicheaux’s adopted daughter Alifer is off to college for the first time.

Clete is fond of Cadillac convertibles, some of which he rebuilds. This included a 1959 Eldorado which he restored to cherry condition. He took it to Eddy’s carwash for cleaning and detailing, picking it up four days later. Two days after that he awakens at home to the sounds of his car being torn apart by three men.

Fort Sumter Pictured As A Duel

 

Many books have been written about Fort Sumter, the opening battle of the American Civil War. Most do an adequate job of describing what happened.  Some are outstanding. Few explain why events unrolled as they did. They present the big issues of why, such as slavery. Almost none get inside the heads of the participants of both sides to explain what motivated their actions.

The Demon of Unrest: A Saga of Hubris, Heartbreak, and Heroism at the Dawn of the Civil War by Erik Larson, does just that. It explains what led both sides to behave as they did, and why the eventual outcome was virtually inevitable.

Larson examines the period from November 6th, 1860, Election Day when Abraham Lincoln was voted President, to April 1861, and the surrender of Fort Sumter with its immediate aftermath.  He takes occasional excursions into the past to provide context and provides a couple of chapters at the end to tie things up.

Making the World Safe for Steampunk

 

Knight Watch is back, in a new account of their adventures. They plug leakage from the weird world into the mundane world, keeping monsters of the Unreal firmly where they belong.

The Eccentrics by Tim Akers, the series’ third novel, takes a trip into the world of steampunk. Steampunk is fantasy as firmly as Tolkien’s Middle Earth.

The Eccentric Society of Curious Adventurers, Extravagant Explorers, and Philosophers of Scientific Renown (Eccentrics, for short), is an organization protecting the mundane world from the Gestalt (the steampunk version of the Unreal which the Knight Watch shields the world from). Nikola Tesla leads them.  Not the original. This Tesla is the eighth incarnation of the true saint of electricity. The Eccentrics need help. Vampires are back in the steampunk world. The last time, the Eccentrics needed Knight Watch before they finally succeeded in eliminating them.

The Ephemeral “Timeless” Classic

 

We all know great art: the Mona Lisa, Michelangelo’s David, the Venus de Milo. It has been ever so. That was what Rochelle Gurstein believed when she began writing a book to define what made a piece of art a timeless classic fifteen years ago. She soon realized that today’s classics were largely ignored in the past. Other pieces of art were proclaimed exemplars.

Written in Water: The Ephemeral Life of the Classic in Art by Rochelle Gurstein is the book that she wrote instead. In it she shows that aesthetics and artistic taste are products of their time. Moreover, the definition of a classic constantly changes.

The result is a fascinating study of art, art history, art criticism, and aesthetics. She investigates the origin of the concept of the timeless classic in art, where it emerged and why. She looks at the changing standards of greatness over time and analyzes why the changes occur.

Americans in the Riviera

 

By 1985 Andrew Kaplan successfully sold two thrillers. The first, Scorpion, sold well. Kaplan asked the question many writers ask after early success: do I quit the day job and write full time? A wife and two-year-old child made Kaplan reluctant to take that step. Then the day job quit Kaplan and he was unemployed.

Once Upon a Villa: Adventures on the French Riviera, published earlier this year, tells what happened next. Stuck at home, unable to drive due to a broken foot, Kaplan could not job hunt. He was frustrated. His wife Anne asked him what he would do if he could do anything. His dream was to move to the French Riviera for a year and write full time. Anne also wanted to live in France.

He had a severance package. He sent his literary agent an outline of a new thriller asking her if it was marketable. Using his sample chapters and the outline, his agent sold the book to a London publishing house. A sizeable advance along with his savings and selling his Southern California home, provided enough money to move to France and live for a year. All he had to do was write the novel.

From Dynamite to the Surveillance State

 

Did the work of Alfred Nobel lead to the surveillance state? A new book finds a connection.

The Infernal Machine: A True Story of Dynamite, Terror, and the Rise of the Modern Detective by Steven Johnson shows how dynamite, anarchists and forensic science are linked to the creation of the modern state.

Nitroglycerine, discovered in the early 19th century, offered great promise in construction, but it proved too volatile to use safely. Johnson shows how Alfred Nobel found a way to stabilize nitroglycerine; packing it in diatomaceous earth in a new product he named dynamite.

A Fresh Start on a New Planet

 

One minute Jason Graham is sitting in a Mobile, Alabama, restaurant chatting up a waitress.  The next he wakes up on a massive space station above a terraformed planet orbiting a star in the Sagittarius arm of the Milky Way Galaxy.

Beyond the Ranges by John Ringo and James Aidee, opens with the Earth having been destroyed in some unspecified disaster. Its population (and their personal possessions) was whisked away by benevolent aliens, divided in half-billion people blocks and resettled elsewhere in the galaxy.

The aliens really are benevolent. They provide the resettled Earthlings with a nearly Earth-normal planet to settle and everything they need to survive aboard the space station until they can get organized and to the new planet’s surface. Everyone over age 20 has been restored to that age. They also provide transportation to the planet so the humans can settle it.

On Shakespeare Today

 

Dame Judi Dench is one of the best Shakespearean actresses of the late 20th Century. She may be the best. She made her professional debut in 1957, and still performs today.

Shakespeare: The Man Who Pays the Rent, by Judi Dench and Brendan O’Hea, provides a remarkable overview of her Shakespearean career. With O’Hea providing the sounding board, Dench provides a lively reminiscence of her life.

The book started out as O’Hea collecting an oral history of Dench’s acting career for the Shakespeare’s Globe archives. He wanted her impressions of the Shakespeare plays in which she appeared. They realized the recordings had appeal beyond Shakespeare or theater scholars.