The 1941 Project

 

The true history of WW2 begins in 1941, when the Nazis attacked the blameless and unsuspecting nation of the USSR – the English translation is FBNS, or “Flawed but Noble Socialists.”

No matter how much you squint, you will not find the United States on that pie chart.

It’s a remarkable tweet, no? The first thing that leaps out is the equation of “death” with “contribution to victory,” as if suffering the most casualties is how you beat an enemy. A Patton quote comes to mind.

Then there’s the Chinese flag.

Then there’s the implication that Germany was somehow 19% responsible for defeating fascism because they lost a lot of people as well.

She also retweeted the totally awesome Russian embassy commemorating the victory. Huh: I thought Russia was BAD? Silly Moose. Post-Communist Russia is bad. Soviet Russia was good, because they were so seriously opposed to fascism. Okay . . . so what about the occupation of the nations and peoples after the war?

(rapid blinking)

Russia saved the world from fascism.

Look, I have an admiration for the Russian people’s ability to endure centuries of blows to the head by stupid, mulish leaders, and still have the stones to fight back against invaders, but the USSR was led by an utter sociopath who would have fed 25 million more into the meat grinder if he meant he could live in heated rooms with soft cushions and smooth sheets and roast duckling whenever he wanted, so maybe we ought not to valorize the death count? Anyway. What about the enslavement of half of Europe after the war?

(rapid blinking)

You have to understand how Russia was scarred by the loss of so many, and alarmed by the aggressive posture of the West.

Yes, our aggressive, reckless, provocative policy of building democratic institutions that were not predicated on Marxist-Leninist theories of collectivism that somehow always turned out to be oligarchical, atheistic, and repressive. What of Czechoslovakia in ’68, Poland in the early ’80s?

(rapid blinking)

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  1. Stina Member
    Stina
    @CM

    Bryan G. Stephens (View Comment):
    This is totally nuts. The USSR only was able to win because of the support of America and the UK. By the end of WWII it was running out of men

    No it wasn’t. Americans and the UK had nothing to do with the Russia fight. It was poorly planned and bad strategy going into a very bad winter compounded with the USSR’s population and military moving east while burning all resources in their wake.

    No invading force has survived besieging Russia in winter. Hitler may have thought he had it in the bag by launching his invasion in June, but Russia burning all the resources drew out what was hoped to be a fast campaign into months that culminated in a winter siege. The USSR suffered mightily for this strategy, but they deserve credit here for still managing to have that much national pride in the midst of communism.

    • #31
  2. Ekosj Member
    Ekosj
    @Ekosj

    Columbo (View Comment):

    Ekosj (View Comment):

    James, I’m respectfully going to disagree. The premise of the tweet – that the USSR did most of the heavy lifting to defeat the Nazis – is true. This is not to denigrate the contributions of the other Allies, it’s just the weight of numbers – and not the ridiculous argument based on casualties detailed in the tweet. Once the Nazis invaded Russia, 2/3 of Nazi infantry divisions were committed to the Eastern Front. 3/4 Nazi armored divisions were committed to the Eastern Front. Most of those Nazi were destroyed there.

    https://www.axishistory.com/axis-nations/134-campaigns-a-operations/campaigns-a-operations/2085-number-of-german-divisions-by-front-in-world-war-ii

    My Dad served in Europe in WWII. In the weeks immediately following VE Day he was part of a joint US/USSR MP unit. He was of Russian extraction and spoke Russian, Polish, Slovak, and German. Those few weeks close contact taught him to despise the Soviets with an incandescent rage. However, he was grateful for all the Nazis they had killed … that he and the rest of the Americans didn’t have to.

    So … you’re in essence saying that Hitler did the most heavy lifting to defeat the Nazis by starting the war on his Eastern Front. It was not the doing of the USSR. They merely defended their own country against Hitler’s aggression, otherwise the Soviets would have done nothing to stop Hitler.

    That assumes that the war on the Eastern Front was un-winnable from the get-go.   I’m not sure that was the case.   If true than a similar argument could be made about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

    Elaborate cases of suicide by cop.

    • #32
  3. Misthiocracy got drunk and Member
    Misthiocracy got drunk and
    @Misthiocracy

    James Lileks: Okay . . . so what about the occupation of the nations and peoples after the war?

    F that. What about the invasion and/or occupation of nations and peoples before and during the war?  Poland.  Finland.  Etc.

    • #33
  4. AdamSmithFan Inactive
    AdamSmithFan
    @AdamSmithFan

    Conveniently skips over the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the fact that many more died than needed to because of the Soviets appalling tactics of sending waves of men to certain death and the use of barrier troops that shot their own men when retreating. 

    • #34
  5. Raxxalan Member
    Raxxalan
    @Raxxalan

    As has been pointed out but bears repeating.  The Chinese flag should be replaced with the Taiwanese flag, since the GMD was far more responsible for Japanese losses in China than the CCP ever was.  The massive battles on the Eastern front certainly deiminated the Germany army; however, they were always fighting a two front war, and certainly Allied bombing did a lot to cut down on Germany’s ability to produce material to continue the War.   If Germany had been able to drive the RAF from the skies and make Operation Sea Lion work.  The whole history of WWII would be dramatically different.   People often forget what a close run thing WWII was.

    • #35
  6. Dan Pierson Inactive
    Dan Pierson
    @DanPierson

    Misthiocracy got drunk and (View Comment):

    James Lileks: Okay . . . so what about the occupation of the nations and peoples after the war?

    F that. What about the invasion and/or occupation of nations and peoples before and during the war? Poland. Finland. Etc.

    Jon Gabriel is currently writing a strongly worded email to James as we speak.

    Also we forget about Moldova, Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania because they were part of the Soviet Union until friggin 1990! And East Prussia & eastern Poland are still to this day part of Russia. (At least I don’t feel too bad about that East Prussia part.)

    • #36
  7. Misthiocracy got drunk and Member
    Misthiocracy got drunk and
    @Misthiocracy

    Raxxalan (View Comment):
    …they were always fighting a two front war…

    Not always.  They chose to tear up the Molotov-Rippentrop pact.

    • #37
  8. Jim McConnell Member
    Jim McConnell
    @JimMcConnell

    Bryan G. Stephens (View Comment):

    Ekosj (View Comment):

    James, I’m respectfully going to disagree. The premise of the tweet – that the USSR did most of the heavy lifting to defeat the Nazis – is true. This is not to denigrate the contributions of the other Allies, it’s just the weight of numbers – and not the ridiculous argument based on casualties detailed in the tweet. Once the Nazis invaded Russia, 2/3 of Nazi infantry divisions were committed to the Eastern Front. 3/4 Nazi armored divisions were committed to the Eastern Front. Most of those Nazi were destroyed there.

     

    This is totally nuts. The USSR only was able to win because of the support of America and the UK. By the end of WWII it was running out of men. The United States of America won the war through its unbombable industrial might. We not only all but single handedly defeated the Empire of Japan, we also turned the tide in the Atlantic and forced Germany to be divided.

    The New World coming to the aid and the liberation of the old. Stalin was a bad a monster as Hitler and deserve no accolades of any sort. The soldiers who fought and died for Russia bore the burden. Communism made it harder and anyone giving it any credit is supporting the most monstrous creed in history.

    We provided the materials and the Soviets provided the bodies, saving many American lives.

    • #38
  9. CACrabtree Coolidge
    CACrabtree
    @CACrabtree

    I’m not surprised at all by seeing this interpretation of “history”.  If history has some inconvenient facts, then those facts must be modified.  As the title of this post alludes to; we saw the first stirrings of this with the 1619 Project (American History) and now we see the same treatment given to World History.  How long will it be before this garbage is taught in our nation’s high schools?

    “Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past”.

    I noted a couple of references to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.  An excellent way to examine the conflicts of the time is to look at the way Hollywood swayed back and forth in its treatment of “fascism”.  The “facts” matter even less now than they did back in 1939.

    BTW, I noted that Margaret Kimberly is a graduate of Williams College (tuition: 57,280 a year) and that she majored in History.  Hmmm.

    • #39
  10. Raxxalan Member
    Raxxalan
    @Raxxalan

    Misthiocracy got drunk and (View Comment):

    Raxxalan (View Comment):
    …they were always fighting a two front war…

    Not always. They chose to tear up the Molotov-Rippentrop pact.

    Fair Point.  

    • #40
  11. Raxxalan Member
    Raxxalan
    @Raxxalan

    CACrabtree (View Comment):

    I’m not surprised at all by seeing this interpretation of “history”. If history has some inconvenient facts, then those facts must be modified. As the title of this post alludes to; we saw the first stirrings of this with the 1619 Project (American History) and now we see the same treatment given to World History. How long will it be before this garbage is taught in our nation’s high schools?

    “Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past”.

    I noted a couple of references to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. An excellent way to examine the conflicts of the time is to look at the way Hollywood swayed back and forth in its treatment of “fascism”. The “facts” matter even less now than they did back in 1939.

    BTW, I noted that Margaret Kimberly is a graduate of Williams College (tuition: 57,280 a year) and that she majored in History. Hmmm.

    Williams College should refund her tuition on the condition she never tells anyone she has a degree from there, after all it appears her history degree didn’t take.

    • #41
  12. Ekosj Member
    Ekosj
    @Ekosj

    Jim McConnell (View Comment):

    We provided the materials and the Soviets provided the bodies, saving many American lives.

    The Russian high command has always been nonchalant about the casualties among the common soldiers. 

    • #42
  13. Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Democracy) Coolidge
    Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Democracy)
    @GumbyMark

    Raxxalan (View Comment):

    CACrabtree (View Comment):

    I’m not surprised at all by seeing this interpretation of “history”. If history has some inconvenient facts, then those facts must be modified. As the title of this post alludes to; we saw the first stirrings of this with the 1619 Project (American History) and now we see the same treatment given to World History. How long will it be before this garbage is taught in our nation’s high schools?

    “Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past”.

    I noted a couple of references to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. An excellent way to examine the conflicts of the time is to look at the way Hollywood swayed back and forth in its treatment of “fascism”. The “facts” matter even less now than they did back in 1939.

    BTW, I noted that Margaret Kimberly is a graduate of Williams College (tuition: 57,280 a year) and that she majored in History. Hmmm.

    Williams College should refund her tuition on the condition she never tells anyone she has a degree from there, after all it appears her history degree didn’t take.

    Given what college history professors teach,  I would conclude her history degree is a complete success by the standards of Williams.

    • #43
  14. CACrabtree Coolidge
    CACrabtree
    @CACrabtree

    Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Demo… (View Comment):

    Raxxalan (View Comment):

    CACrabtree (View Comment):

    I’m not surprised at all by seeing this interpretation of “history”. If history has some inconvenient facts, then those facts must be modified. As the title of this post alludes to; we saw the first stirrings of this with the 1619 Project (American History) and now we see the same treatment given to World History. How long will it be before this garbage is taught in our nation’s high schools?

    “Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past”.

    I noted a couple of references to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. An excellent way to examine the conflicts of the time is to look at the way Hollywood swayed back and forth in its treatment of “fascism”. The “facts” matter even less now than they did back in 1939.

    BTW, I noted that Margaret Kimberly is a graduate of Williams College (tuition: 57,280 a year) and that she majored in History. Hmmm.

    Williams College should refund her tuition on the condition she never tells anyone she has a degree from there, after all it appears her history degree didn’t take.

    Given what college history professors teach, I would conclude her history degree is a complete success by the standards of Williams.

    Sadly, I believe you are correct.

    • #44
  15. JimGoneWild Coolidge
    JimGoneWild
    @JimGoneWild

    If Hitler had Twitter back in the day, the American Left would have called it ‘Trumpism’.

    • #45
  16. Jerry Giordano (Arizona Patrio… Member
    Jerry Giordano (Arizona Patrio…
    @ArizonaPatriot

    I’m going to chime in with my own opinion about the relative contribution of the US, Soviets, and others to the defeat of the Axis powers.

    I think that overall, the contribution of the US was slightly greater than that of the Soviets.  It’s a close thing.  The Soviets certainly had more casualties, and inflicted the most casualties on the German military.  They had significant, but limited, help from Lend-Lease.  The Soviets actually did an impressive job in producing things like tanks and artillery, and fuel, but weren’t as good with things like trucks, shoes, and uniforms.

    The Chinese contribution was quite minimal, in my view.  They did hold down a large portion of the Japanese army, but didn’t defeat it.

    Overall, I’d apportion credit along these lines:

    • US 37%
    • USSR 33%
    • British Empire 17%
    • China 7%
    • Others 6%

    The Soviets deserve a larger proportion of the credit for the defeat of Nazi Germany specifically.  They contributed nothing to the defeat of Italy, and virtually nothing to the defeat of Japan.

    • #46
  17. Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Democracy) Coolidge
    Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Democracy)
    @GumbyMark

    In further support of her tweet we should not forget that in another example of the Soviet commitment to social justice and anti-fascism, the Red Army executed 160,000 of its own soldiers for desertion and cowardice during the first 18 months of the war and sentenced many others to Punishment Battalions where 400,000 more died.  The U.S. Army executed only one soldier for desertion or cowardice during WW2 and failed to establish Punishment Battalions, a shocking failure demonstrating a lack of commitment by the Capitalist entity to addressing inequities.

    • #47
  18. Bryan G. Stephens Thatcher
    Bryan G. Stephens
    @BryanGStephens

    Ekosj (View Comment):

    Bryan G. Stephens (View Comment):

    Ekosj (View Comment):

    James, I’m respectfully going to disagree. The premise of the tweet – that the USSR did most of the heavy lifting to defeat the Nazis – is true. This is not to denigrate the contributions of the other Allies, it’s just the weight of numbers – and not the ridiculous argument based on casualties detailed in the tweet. Once the Nazis invaded Russia, 2/3 of Nazi infantry divisions were committed to the Eastern Front. 3/4 Nazi armored divisions were committed to the Eastern Front. Most of those Nazi were destroyed there.

     

    This is totally nuts. The USSR only was able to win because of the support of America and the UK. By the end of WWII it was running out of men. The United States of America won the war through its unbombable industrial might. We not only all but single handedly defeated the Empire of Japan, we also turned the tide in the Atlantic and forced Germany to be divided.

    The New World coming to the aid and the liberation of the old. Stalin was a bad a monster as Hitler and deserve no accolades of any sort. The soldiers who fought and died for Russia bore the burden. Communism made it harder and anyone giving it any credit is supporting the most monstrous creed in history.

    The Allies made a temporary pact with Beelzebub to fight Lucifer. I’m certainly not disputing the fact that the Soviets would not have been able to withstand the Nazi onslaught without the material aid supplied by the Americans. Nor am I in disagreement about the evils of Communism in general and Stalin in particular. Just because they were evil does not make the Nazi divisions they destroyed any less dead. Be happy that the wolves were eating each other. Refusing to simply acknowledge the mathematical facts of the situation on the Eastern Front is the real historical revisionism.

    I am disagreeing with the bold above. Your response to me is not defending said bold statement. 

    I am not the one engaged in historical revisionism. the USSR would had less dead if not for Stalin. Using their number of dead is not a measure of their contribution. By that idea, China was somehow more useful than America in stopping Japan. 

     

    • #48
  19. Bryan G. Stephens Thatcher
    Bryan G. Stephens
    @BryanGStephens

    Stina (View Comment):

    Bryan G. Stephens (View Comment):
    This is totally nuts. The USSR only was able to win because of the support of America and the UK. By the end of WWII it was running out of men

    No it wasn’t. Americans and the UK had nothing to do with the Russia fight. It was poorly planned and bad strategy going into a very bad winter compounded with the USSR’s population and military moving east while burning all resources in their wake.

    No invading force has survived besieging Russia in winter. Hitler may have thought he had it in the bag by launching his invasion in June, but Russia burning all the resources drew out what was hoped to be a fast campaign into months that culminated in a winter siege. The USSR suffered mightily for this strategy, but they deserve credit here for still managing to have that much national pride in the midst of communism.

    They lost far more people that needed. They murdered the heroes of Leningrad. The USSR deserve no credit for anything other than endless evil and death. I will honor individual solders and citizens who fought, but the USSR gets nothing. They suffered mightily when they might have actually been ready for Germany to attack them. 

    Hitler could have taken Moscow. He did not let Guderian fight as he wanted. If they had taken Moscow, they would have taken Stalin and the USSR would have fallen apart. 

    • #49
  20. Raxxalan Member
    Raxxalan
    @Raxxalan

    Jerry Giordano (Arizona Patrio… (View Comment):

    I’m going to chime in with my own opinion about the relative contribution of the US, Soviets, and others to the defeat of the Axis powers.

    I think that overall, the contribution of the US was slightly greater than that of the Soviets. It’s a close thing. The Soviets certainly had more casualties, and inflicted the most casualties on the German military. They had significant, but limited, help from Lend-Lease. The Soviets actually did an impressive job in producing things like tanks and artillery, and fuel, but weren’t as good with things like trucks, shoes, and uniforms.

    The Chinese contribution was quite minimal, in my view. They did hold down a large portion of the Japanese army, but didn’t defeat it.

    Overall, I’d apportion credit along these lines:

    • US 37%
    • USSR 33%
    • British Empire 17%
    • China 7%
    • Others 6%

    The Soviets deserve a larger proportion of the credit for the defeat of Nazi Germany specifically. They contributed nothing to the defeat of Italy, and virtually nothing to the defeat of Japan.

    Britain’s contribution was higher though.  They were alone for 2 years while Russia and Germany were aligned and America was not yet in the war.   If they had sough a separate peace or had been knocked out it is hard to see how the Russian’s would have survived alone or if America would have realistically joined the war in Europe after Pearl Harbor.

    • #50
  21. Randy Webster Inactive
    Randy Webster
    @RandyWebster

    Jim McConnell (View Comment):
    We provided the materials and the Soviets provided the bodies, saving many American lives.

    Pug Henry had this pointed out to him in The Winds of War I believe.

    • #51
  22. ToryWarWriter Coolidge
    ToryWarWriter
    @ToryWarWriter

    Ekosj (View Comment):

    Bryan G. Stephens (View Comment):

    Ekosj (View Comment):

    James, I’m respectfully going to disagree. The premise of the tweet – that the USSR did most of the heavy lifting to defeat the Nazis – is true. This is not to denigrate the contributions of the other Allies, it’s just the weight of numbers – and not the ridiculous argument based on casualties detailed in the tweet. Once the Nazis invaded Russia, 2/3 of Nazi infantry divisions were committed to the Eastern Front. 3/4 Nazi armored divisions were committed to the Eastern Front. Most of those Nazi were destroyed there.

     

    This is totally nuts. The USSR only was able to win because of the support of America and the UK. By the end of WWII it was running out of men. The United States of America won the war through its unbombable industrial might. We not only all but single handedly defeated the Empire of Japan, we also turned the tide in the Atlantic and forced Germany to be divided.

    The New World coming to the aid and the liberation of the old. Stalin was a bad a monster as Hitler and deserve no accolades of any sort. The soldiers who fought and died for Russia bore the burden. Communism made it harder and anyone giving it any credit is supporting the most monstrous creed in history.

    The Allies made a temporary pact with Beelzebub to fight Lucifer. I’m certainly not disputing the fact that the Soviets would not have been able to withstand the Nazi onslaught without the material aid supplied by the Americans. Nor am I in disagreement about the evils of Communism in general and Stalin in particular. Just because they were evil does not make the Nazi divisions they destroyed any less dead. Be happy that the wolves were eating each other. Refusing to simply acknowledge the mathematical facts of the situation on the Eastern Front is the real historical revisionism.

    As Churchill said, “If Hitler invaded hell, I would find something nice to say about the Devil.”

    • #52
  23. ToryWarWriter Coolidge
    ToryWarWriter
    @ToryWarWriter

    Dan Pierson (View Comment):

    Misthiocracy got drunk and (View Comment):

    James Lileks: Okay . . . so what about the occupation of the nations and peoples after the war?

    F that. What about the invasion and/or occupation of nations and peoples before and during the war? Poland. Finland. Etc.

    Jon Gabriel is currently writing a strongly worded email to James as we speak.

    Also we forget about Moldova, Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania because they were part of the Soviet Union until friggin 1990! And East Prussia & eastern Poland are still to this day part of Russia. (At least I don’t feel too bad about that East Prussia part.)

    You forget about all the massive population transfers that happened after the war.  East poland is pretty much Ukraine and Byelorussia now.  There are no more poles in those places.  

     

    • #53
  24. Clifford A. Brown Member
    Clifford A. Brown
    @CliffordBrown

    AdamSmithFan (View Comment):

    Conveniently skips over the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the fact that many more died than needed to because of the Soviets appalling tactics of sending waves of men to certain death and the use of barrier troops that shot their own men when retreating.

    Plus sending so much of the professional officer corps to the gulags as part of the purges and Great Terror.

    • #54
  25. Hang On Member
    Hang On
    @HangOn

    Clifford A. Brown (View Comment):

    AdamSmithFan (View Comment):

    Conveniently skips over the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the fact that many more died than needed to because of the Soviets appalling tactics of sending waves of men to certain death and the use of barrier troops that shot their own men when retreating.

    Plus sending so much of the professional officer corps to the gulags as part of the purges and Great Terror.

    Plus what happened to Soviet POWs. They had a horrible fate after the war in Stalin’s hands. 

    • #55
  26. kedavis Coolidge
    kedavis
    @kedavis

    Hang On (View Comment):

    And of course there’s that pesky Ribbentrop-Molotov Treaty in 1939 that got the whole thing kicked off in Europe. Without that, Germany wouldn’t attack Poland. (And the Soviet Union wouldn’t have invaded with Nazi approval six countries prior to Operation Barbarosa. And been kicked out of the League of Nations. )

    You forgot the (rapid blinking)

    • #56
  27. kedavis Coolidge
    kedavis
    @kedavis

    American Abroad (View Comment):

    American Lend Lease aid was critical to Russia’s survival since the command economy was so unproductive. American pressure on Japan, among other factors, prevented Japan from opening a second front against the Soviets after the Nazi invasion which almost surely would have knocked Russia out of the war.

    Tweets like this remind me of the adage “a little knowledge is a dangerous thing.”

    That’s something that I find very common among a certain type of “intellectual.”  (To be more specific would probably be a CoC violation.)

    • #57
  28. AdamSmithFan Inactive
    AdamSmithFan
    @AdamSmithFan

    CACrabtree (View Comment):

    I’m not surprised at all by seeing this interpretation of “history”. If history has some inconvenient facts, then those facts must be modified. As the title of this post alludes to; we saw the first stirrings of this with the 1619 Project (American History) and now we see the same treatment given to World History. How long will it be before this garbage is taught in our nation’s high schools?

    “Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past”.

    I noted a couple of references to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. An excellent way to examine the conflicts of the time is to look at the way Hollywood swayed back and forth in its treatment of “fascism”. The “facts” matter even less now than they did back in 1939.

    BTW, I noted that Margaret Kimberly is a graduate of Williams College (tuition: 57,280 a year) and that she majored in History. Hmmm.

    Considering the state of American academe, it sounds like she got exactly what she paid for. 

    • #58
  29. Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Democracy) Coolidge
    Gumby Mark (R-Meth Lab of Democracy)
    @GumbyMark

    Hitler’s decision to attack the Soviets in 1941 was prompted by his analysis that doing so would finally force Britain to make peace.  He believed Britain was hanging on in the hope that the Russians would attack Germany and thought by quickly defeating the Russians, Britain would finally come to the negotiating table.  It was the same mistake Napoleon made in 1812 when he invaded Russia to force it back into the Continental System because he thought it would force the British to make peace.

    American (and British) aid to the Soviets was key in enabling the Red Army to take the offensive and drive into Germany but was not important to the Soviets surviving the initial German assault in 1941.  By early 1942, well before the bulk of Allied assistance reached Russia, the Germans had lost their chance to knock the Soviets out.  They might have achieved a separate negotiated peace after that but not complete victory.

    • #59
  30. John Stanley Coolidge
    John Stanley
    @JohnStanley

    American Abroad (View Comment):

    ctlaw (View Comment):

    James Lileks: Then there’s the Chinese flag.

    The communists basically sat out the war hoarding the weapons that Stalin directly provided or Stalin’s agents duped Roosevelt into sending them:

    https://thediplomat.com/2014/09/the-ccp-didnt-fight-imperial-japan-the-kmt-did/

    A Mao quote: “Our fixed policy should be 70 per cent expansion, 20 per cent dealing with the GMD and 10 per cent resisting the Japanese.” Not that Chiang Kai-shek did much either, but Mao’s was a propaganda victory, not a military victory against Japan.

    I would ask you to look at Richard B. Frank’s “Tower of Skulls”.  It is a great history of the start of the Japan-China “conflict” war in the era of 1937-early May 1942.   Mr. Frank is clear in that the efforts of KMT kept, at a huge cost of lives, many hundreds of thousands of Imperal Japanese Army troops in China, and not in the far east of USSR.   The USA support of KMT was tied to keeping KMT in the war, and not allowing Japan to attack a stressed and strained USSR.

    https://wwnorton.com/books/9781324002109

    • #60
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