The Value of Standardized Testing

 

It has become fashionable in the world of higher education to advocate eliminating the requirement that prospective students take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) or the ACT and then submit their scores to the admissions offices of the colleges and universities to which they apply. Janet Napolitano, the President of the University of California (UC), has even proposed that at Berkeley, UCLA, and the other elite institutions in the California system such scores be ignored altogether.

The faculty senate at UC has come down on the other side after conducting, at Napolitano’s direction, an extensive study of the question focused on the utility of the tests and on the question of whether they are a source of racial discrimination. The faculty study concluded that the tests have been useful for distinguishing those who could profit from the courses of study at these elite schools from those who could not and that the existing racial disparities in their student bodies had to do chiefly with poor preparation and not with the tests themselves.

What, you might ask, is this all about? The answer is simple enough. High school grades no longer mean much. Grade inflation has ensured that. The SAT and ACT tests may not be infallible. There are able people who do poorly on standardized tests, and these examinations reveal little about the grit and determination of those who score well. But, on the whole, they do a pretty good job of measuring what they purport to measure – the quality of the young person’s preparation for college and his or her aptitude. And in the aggregate, as the faculty senate at UC discovered, they do an excellent job of predicting academic success.

The same can be said for the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). Forty-six years ago, when I was a graduate student at Yale, the history department’s Director of Graduate Studies, a Bahai from Iran, did a study seeking to find out whether there was a clear correlation between GRE scores and academic success in the department’s Ph.D. program. And, lo and behold, he found that this was so.

So why have universities, such as the University of Chicago, made the SAT and ACT optional? And why has Janet Napolitano rejected the recommendation of the UC faculty senate?

The answer is simple. If one requires that prospective students submit SAT or ACT scores, one cannot practice “affirmative action” – a euphemism for systematic racial discrimination – without it being obvious that one is doing so. The lawsuit brought against Harvard by an Asian-American coalition has embarrassed that venerable institution, and embarrassment of that sort we cannot have.

The shenanigans now being contemplated by college and university administrators all over the country have nothing to do with a genuine concern for the well-being of African-American and Hispanic students. They have to do solely with virtue-signaling.

The truth is that “affirmative action” harms its supposed beneficiaries. Long ago, back in the 1940s, as Gail Heriot once pointed out to me, a series of studies were done testing whether athletes of talent recruited by elite institutions with little regard for their scholastic aptitude profited from the education on offer at these institutions. The conclusion reached was that they had actually been damaged. They could not compete with their fellow students, they associated almost solely with one another, and they tended either to fail and drop out or to major in the least demanding fields: sociology, education, playground management, exercise science, and the like. Had these young people attended less elite schools, as their less athletically-talented academic peers sometimes did, they would have had an opportunity to make up for poor preparation in high school and they might well have prospered (as many of their peers did).

I mention these particular studies – because the athletes in question were white. What pertained to them in the 1940s pertains today to African-American and Hispanic students inadequately prepared for high-level college work who are recruited by our elite institutions. At less demanding schools, those like them do compete, they make up for lost time, they advance, and many of them enter the professions.

This is no secret, and the college administrators intent on allowing high school students to apply without taking standardized tests are not ignorant. They merely want to signal to their peers that they are virtuous, and they do not care what harm they do to the supposed beneficiaries of the policies that they want to institute.

The people who run most of our institutions of higher learning are profoundly corrupt. For the better part of a century, for the sake of pleasing their alumni and their teams’ fans, they have averted their gaze from the damage they have inflicted on the athletes they recruit and then shamelessly exploit. For a long time now, they have taken advantage of minority students for a similarly cynical purpose. Now they have hit on a scheme for concealing their lack of scruples. You have to admire their cheek.

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  1. Podkayne of Israel Inactive
    Podkayne of Israel
    @PodkayneofIsrael

    Misthiocracy got drunk and (View Comment):

    The SAT measures how hard the student studied for the SAT.

    How hard the student studied for the SAT is a good predictor of how hard the student will study in college.

    Makes sense, really.

    Not true in the case of my family. We all aced the SATs, and we did not consciously prepare for them, although we all took at least 2 years of Latin in high school because our mom had told us it was a blast. We grew up listening to our parents do trivia quizzes, and inherited an encyclopedic knowledge of ancient, uh, trivia. We were good students when we wanted to be.

    • #31
  2. Samuel Block Support
    Samuel Block
    @SamuelBlock

    Barfly (View Comment):

    Samuel Block (View Comment):

    Wow. There is a PBS Newshour on this right now.

    Um. It’s interesting.

    What’d they say, what was their slant? I know the basic data and have thought about its implications; that much is something of a constant – no new surprises are likely. But I have trouble tracking the threads of opinion.

    Well, I wasn’t so much watching it as I was passing through the room where family members were. 

    As always, what’s-her-face was ostensibly open-mindedly engaging with people who believe that the process was unfair. There was some talk of data which suggests the existence of disparities, etc.

    At one point there was a young man who spoke substandard English who agreed that the process was “totally unfair.” Later in the segment, there was a youngster who claimed to be suffering from a nervous breakdown outside of a library – this one’s English was slightly better; but the repeated, unnecessary use of the word “literally” made me dubious that the crippling pressure of taking standardized tests was really to blame for this one’s mediocre scores. 

    I graduated from a public university recently. I think faculty and administrators tend to go along with the idea because they are incredibly bored in their profession, and attribute that boredom to the same thing they always do: outdated standards. 

    It’s odd though. My progressive professors all really liked me. I grew up in that kind of background and knew how to dance around the debate in a way that didn’t expose me entirely. (Although, I did really tick one American History professor when I brought Dr. Rahe’s Soft Despotism to his office during his available hours.) 

    My point is that the cerebral stagnation of most classrooms is palpable – I mean, it’s just dull! Unfortunately, the people who are most responsible for this decline are the exact ones who are still trying to solve it. I was a remarkably mediocre student through high school, and, like a lot of young people nowadays, I was more intelligent than I was capable of illustrating. Thankfully, I had the kind of mother who wouldn’t have even entertained the thought of calling a teacher on my behalf. As a result, when I finally decided I wanted to educate myself, I did so.

    I’m afraid to say that I believe Dr. Rahe’s reduction is right. These people use young black and Latino students the way most people use drapery. 

    • #32
  3. MichaelKennedy Inactive
    MichaelKennedy
    @MichaelKennedy

    Podkayne of Israel (View Comment):

    Misthiocracy got drunk and (View Comment):

    The SAT measures how hard the student studied for the SAT.

    How hard the student studied for the SAT is a good predictor of how hard the student will study in college.

    Makes sense, really.

    Not true in the case of my family. We all aced the SATs, and we did not consciously prepare for them, although we all took at least 2 years of Latin in high school because our mom had told us it was a blast. We grew up listening to our parents do trivia quizzes, and inherited an encyclopedic knowledge of ancient, uh, trivia. We were good students when we wanted to be.

    One of my room mates did crossword puzzles for the MCAT to improve his vocabulary.  I don’t know if it helped.  He did not get into medical school but got a PhD in ichthyology and was Curator of Fishes in the Australian Natural History Museum in 2000.

    • #33
  4. Jules PA Inactive
    Jules PA
    @JulesPA

    Stad (View Comment):

    Jules PA (View Comment):

    Misthiocracy got drunk and (View Comment):

    The SAT measures how hard the student studied for the SAT.

    How hard the student studied for the SAT is a good predictor of how hard the student will study in college.

    Makes sense, really.

    Right. Elite colleges would do better keeping testing as part of admission, and providing for generous alumni donations to provide SAT prep classes.

    Or maybe community minded alumni would lead SAT prep classes for free.

    My only objection is the testing company has not only control of SAT, ACT, but now local school curriculums, via the AP series now being pushed on kids in grade 9-12. Kids are now taking 8-15 AP courses in English, history, math, science, foreign language, over 4 years of high school. (9=1 human geography.

    10=2-3 English, history, math.

    11=3-5 English, history, math, math, science.

    12=3-6 English, history, math, science, science, foreign language.)

     

    One thing that kills me are how kids are able to have high school GPAs above 4.0 . . .

    Well, because that is the currency. If AP is more, let’s say valued at 1.25, while a regular class is 1, then the grade in the AP should be inflated. 

    Unfortunately, what happens is, non-AP classes penalize the class rank calculations, so that any kid vying for a high rank won’t participate in any course but AP.

    Of course, schools are rated on how many AP, what scores, how many go to college, SAT, college/career ready (now starting in grade 5).

    It is so distorted. So many Kids calculate their worth by their rank, their GPA, and how many AP they have, and where they go to college. Kids are applying to 8-12 colleges, and paying all those application fees.

    It is no wonder they are weeping snowflakes, since they are treated like academic capital.

    It Breaks my heart to see young people so very misguided by school staff that use the kids as pawns in district ratings. 

    • #34
  5. Jules PA Inactive
    Jules PA
    @JulesPA

    Roderic (View Comment):

    IQ tests, the SAT and the ACT are highly predictive of grades in college and performance in upper level occupations like engineering, science, medicine, the law, etc. All three are predictive of future earnings.

    It would behoove universities to accept students who are likely to be able to earn enough not only to pay back loans but to contribute money to the univerisity. They also need to give them an education that will earn them a good living. Accepting marginal students and graduating students with degrees in grievance studies are self defeating strategies because they promote alumni poverty.

    Ah, but they can get 2 years tuition room and board out of the mediocre ones. 

    • #35
  6. Jules PA Inactive
    Jules PA
    @JulesPA

    Barfly (View Comment):

    Stad (View Comment):

    Jules PA (View Comment):

    Misthiocracy got drunk and (View Comment):

    The SAT measures how hard the student studied for the SAT.

    How hard the student studied for the SAT is a good predictor of how hard the student will study in college.

    Makes sense, really.

    Right. Elite colleges would do better keeping testing as part of admission, and providing for generous alumni donations to provide SAT prep classes.

    Or maybe community minded alumni would lead SAT prep classes for free.

    My only objection is the testing company has not only control of SAT, ACT, but now local school curriculums, via the AP series now being pushed on kids in grade 9-12. Kids are now taking 8-15 AP courses in English, history, math, science, foreign language, over 4 years of high school. (9=1 human geography.

    10=2-3 English, history, math.

    11=3-5 English, history, math, math, science.

    12=3-6 English, history, math, science, science, foreign language.)

     

    One thing that kills me are how kids are able to have high school GPAs above 4.0 . . .

    Is that the Lake Woebegone Effect?

    Oh yes, if you aren’t in AP, “well, then, shine my shoes.”

     

    • #36
  7. Full Size Tabby Member
    Full Size Tabby
    @FullSizeTabby

    Jules PA (View Comment):

    Stad (View Comment):

    Jules PA (View Comment):

    Misthiocracy got drunk and (View Comment):

    [snip]

    One thing that kills me are how kids are able to have high school GPAs above 4.0 . . .

    Well, because that is the currency. If AP is more, let’s say valued at 1.25, while a regular class is 1, then the grade in the AP should be inflated.

    Unfortunately, what happens is, non-AP classes penalize the class rank calculations, so that any kid vying for a high rank won’t participate in any course but AP.

    Of course, schools are rated on how many AP, what scores, how many go to college, SAT, college/career ready (now starting in grade 5).

    It is so distorted. So many Kids calculate their worth by their rank, their GPA, and how many AP they have, and where they go to college. Kids are applying to 8-12 colleges, and paying all those application fees.

    It is no wonder they are weeping snowflakes, since they are treated like academic capital.

    It Breaks my heart to see young people so very misguided by school staff that use the kids as pawns in district ratings.

    The school district in which our children went to high school (early 2000s) did not weight the AP classes for GPA or for valedictorian determination. The girl who became valedictorian had her eye on that position from the beginning of high school, and intentionally did not take AP classes so she didn’t risk her GPA by taking harder classes. (She was a neighbor and friends with our daughter.) 

    • #37
  8. MISTER BITCOIN Inactive
    MISTER BITCOIN
    @MISTERBITCOIN

    Standardized tests are important for one reason: grading standards differ at every high school.

    Some high schools are hard graders.

    Some are easy graders.

    The SAT and the others ‘level’ the playing field.

    NFL draft picks have to take the Wonderlic test.

     

    • #38
  9. Ontheleftcoast Inactive
    Ontheleftcoast
    @Ontheleftcoast

    The Epoch Times reports:

    SAN FRANCISCO—The University of California will drop the SAT and ACT tests as admission requirements through 2024 and eliminate them for California residents after that, a landmark decision by the prestigious university system.

    The UC’s governing body, the Board of Regents, voted 23-0 Thursday to approve a proposal by UC President Janet Napolitano that phases the tests out over five years, at which point the UC aims to have developed its own test.

    The regents met in a teleconference that lasted several hours Thursday, with expert presentations and lengthy debates that echoed a national conversation about whether the tests discriminate against disadvantaged students or help admissions offices find the most qualified applicants.

    “I think this is an incredible step in the right direction,” Regents Chairman John Perez said.

    Critics of the tests have long argued they put minority and low-income students at a disadvantage because the test questions often contain inherent bias that more privileged children are better equipped to answer. Wealthier students also tend to take expensive prep courses that help boost their scores, which many students can’t afford, critics say.

    With California high school campuses closed because of the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) virus—also known as the novel coronavirus—pandemic, the UC had already made the tests optional for students who want to attend the fall 2021 sessions.

    Under the plan approved Thursday, SAT and ACT tests will be optional for the 2021-22 and 2022-23 school years for all applicants.

    Starting in 2023 and continuing the following year, the admissions process will be “test blind” for California residents, meaning SAT and ACT scores won’t be used in admissions decisions but could still be considered for purposes such as course placement and scholarships. Napolitano asked the school’s academic senate to work with the administration on a plan for out-of-state and international students applying as of fall 2023.

    In 2025, the 290,000-student UC system will either replace the SAT and ACT with its own admissions test, or if it’s unable to create its own exam, will eliminate its standardized testing requirement altogether.

    • #39
  10. Stad Coolidge
    Stad
    @Stad

    Samuel Block (View Comment):
    but doesn’t it seem possible that the day might come when a CEO says, “I’m done hiring Ivy League kids.” 

    Ivy league schools have a Good Ol’ Boy network Southern politicians would envy.  I imagine Wadsworth J. Woosterhaus IV will always get a job because of his Harvard degree alone.  If he turns out to be incompetent, he’ll either be moved to a safe position, or urged to run for office . . .

    • #40
  11. MISTER BITCOIN Inactive
    MISTER BITCOIN
    @MISTERBITCOIN

    The reason the SAT was created was to help colleges find ‘diamonds in the rough’, in other words, find smart students who do not come from privilege

    • #41
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