Why Conservatives are Happier

 

The question that Mollie poses in her post Why are Conservatives Happier? is fundamental. Responding to it requires, alas, more than two hundred words.

Aristotle suggests that happiness (eudaimonia) derives from activity — i.e., from a proper use of our faculties. Political conservatives blessed with marriage and children tend to be-hard-working and to take pleasure both in the services they perform through their work and in using their earnings to support their spouses and rear and educate their offspring.

Before we married, my wife and I discussed at length how many children we should have. At the time, I remember asking my friends whether they thought that they had had too many children. Every single one of them looked at me with understandable horror and said, in emphatic terms, no. Then, when I asked whether they wished that they had had more, they all fell silent for a moment and grew wistful, and every single one of them responded that, yes, they wished that they had had one more child. I believe that they would have said the same thing had they had ten more.

It costs roughly $250,000 to rear a child in today’s society; college tuition is on top of that. This suggests that the happiest Americans may be those who, at the end of the day, have the least disposable income.  That, if true, is really telling. It suggests that it is not what we have that makes us happy. It is what we do with what we have.

I do not mean to say that money does not matter. It does, and Aristotle in his Nicomachean Ethics acknowledges as much. But he treats wealth not as an end in itself. He speaks of it as equipment (paraskeue). To pursue certain worthy ends, one needs such equipment, and those who understand wealth in this fashion pursue it for the purpose of achieving certain worthy ends.

What distinguishes conservatives from liberals today is chiefly our appreciation for the ends to which, upon reflection, we realize that nature and nature’s God direct us. My generation of liberals and those who came after that generation tend to be libertines — that is, they tend to be aimless, more or less mindless consumers. Think of the nihilist message conveyed by Seinfeld and Sex and the City, and you will grasp what we I mean. We Boomers were the first generation in American history to be self-righteous about our vices, and we and our successors over the last forty years have, in pursuing our less salubrious pleasures, summarily snuffed out more than fifty million innocent lives.

Take that number, turn it over in your mind, digest its implications, and consider what it says about this country and its priorities in what has been aptly called the Age of Obama. If we are ever to turn our country around, we will have to find a way to instruct liberals and “moderates” (which is to say, liberals lacking all conviction) in what it is that makes them so miserable and in what it is that produces eudaimonia.

Our problems are not first and foremost technical problems. Better management is no doubt necessary. But it will not set us straight. At best, it will delay the day of reckoning. Rearranging the deck chairs might have improved life on the Titanic, but it would not have saved the ship. At the deepest level, our problems are spiritual and moral. They have to do with the direction in which we are tending.

Government programs, as such, cannot directly address these problems. It is not within our power to make men good; and, if we tried to do so, we would, like helicopter parents, do them untold harm.

We can, however, with relative ease, corrupt our fellow citizens — for, like all human beings, they can resolutely stand up to anything . . . other than temptation. Straight, blunt talk from the top about the virtues of hard work, self-reliance, chastity, marriage, family, and a respect for the rights of the unborn — if matched with a principled, systematic repeal of government programs and regulations that subvert these virtues — could do no end of good.

What George Herbert Walker Bush contemptuously eschewed as “the vision thing” is, in fact, a central requirement of American political life. At the deepest level, what is at stake in the election that will be held in November is not a change of management but our way of life.

For all of their faults, which are legion, Barack Obama and the Democrats understand this. Do the Republicans even have a clue?

Published in General
Like this post? Want to comment? Join Ricochet’s community of conservatives and be part of the conversation. Join Ricochet for Free.

There are 29 comments.

Become a member to join the conversation. Or sign in if you're already a member.
  1. Profile Photo Member
    @Illiniguy

    Paul Rahe: “Straight, blunt talk from the top about the virtues of hard work, self-reliance, chastity, marriage, family, and a respect for the rights of the unborn — if matched with a principled, systematic repeal of government programs and regulations that subvert these virtues — could do no end of good.”

    What is it they say about the Muslim Brotherhood? One free election, one time? Run on that platform and your political career is as dead as the back side of the moon.

    Mark Steyn once wrote (and still does) that:

    “A government big enough to give you everything you want still isn’t big enough to get you to give anything back”

    Michael Auslin has a good post on The Corner this morning, from which:

    “Each retreat seems so small, and so much the better if I can take care of it by changing my own behavior. But we get numb from the cumulative effect. And wind up making larger and larger compromises. Guess we won’t redo the kitchen this year (or decade), or take that nice vacation — didn’t really need them.

    Now we’re headed there as a country.”

    Save your last bullet for yourself.

    • #1
  2. Profile Photo Inactive
    @TheKingPrawn

    Straight, blunt talk from the top about the virtues of hard work, self-reliance, chastity, marriage, family, and a respect for the rights of the unborn — if matched with a principled, systematic repeal of government programs and regulations that subvert these virtues — could do no end of good.

    The problem as I see it is that a corrupt people will always elect a corrupt government. The challanges we face, listed so eloquently in your post, are ones government has little or no power to solve. The change must come from below, not from above. We who believe the truth must make the case for it one individual at a time. Only then will the nation elect a wholesome government. We may win an election from time to time, but the government will always resemble the people and not the other way around.

    • #2
  3. Profile Photo Inactive
    @TheMugwump

    Do Republicans understand what’s at stake?  No, Republicans are political animals who spend their time on the accrual and maintenance of power.  Only conservatives understand what’s at stake, and there are not enough ideological conservatives within the Republican party to make a difference.  

    • #3
  4. Profile Photo Member
    @
    Paul A. Rahe: …we and our successors over the last forty years have, in pursuing our less salubrious pleasures, summarily snuffed out more than fifty million innocent lives…

    At the deepest level, our problems are spiritual and moral. They have to do with the direction in which we are tending…

    Government programs, as such, cannot directly address these problems. It is not within our power to make men good…

    We can, however, with relative ease, corrupt our fellow citizens — for, like all human beings, they can resolutely stand up to anything . . . other than temptation. Straight, blunt talk from the top about the virtues of hard work, self-reliance, chastity, marriage, family, and a respect for the rights of the unborn — if matched with a principled, systematic repeal of government programs and regulations that subvert these virtues — could do no end of good.

    This is one of the best summaries of what the social conservative agenda should look like that I have seen in quite a while.  It’s not about forcing people, via government power, to accept certain values.  It is about promoting those values as worthwhile, and abolishing programs and policies that undermine individuals’ and society’s moral foundations.

    • #4
  5. Profile Photo Member
    @Illiniguy

    Life imitating fiction:

    “There was a time when men were afraid that somebody would reveal some secret of theirs that was unknown to their fellows. Nowadays, they’re afraid that somebody will name what everybody knows. Have you practical people ever thought that that’s all it would take to blast your whole, big, complex structure, with all your laws and guns—just somebody naming the exact nature of what it is you’re doing?”

    “Madam, when we’ll see men dying of starvation around us, your heart won’t be of any earthly use to save them. And I’m heartless enough to say that when you’ll scream, “But I didn’t know it!” – you will not be forgiven.” – Francisco d’Anconia

    • #5
  6. Profile Photo Inactive
    @Astonishing
    The King Prawn  . . . a corrupt people will always elect a corrupt government. The challenges . . .  are ones government has little or no power to solve. The change must come from below, not from above.  . . . government will always resemble the people and not the other way around.

    It’s incorrect to say “government will always resemble the people and not the other way around.”

    I refer not only to your logic error (A resembles B, but B does not resemble A), but also to the suggestion that influence between government and governed flows in only or primarily one direction.

    Government that upholds private property and free markets will tend to produce self-reliant people. Self-reliant people will tend to produce government that upholds private property and free markets.

    While I share your resistance to government-enforced morality dictated by central authorities, the fact is government (its stucture, laws, and leadership) does deeply and constantly affect the morality of the governed.

    The mistaken notion that government should not concern itself with morality is the cause of most of our current difficulty, as if morality and freedom are mutually exclusive.

    The business of statecraft is to uphold the citizens’ virtues and their freedom.

    • #6
  7. Profile Photo Inactive
    @TheKingPrawn
    Astonishing

    It’s incorrect to say “government will always resemble the people and not the other way around.”

    I refer not only to your logic error (A resembles B, but B does not resemble A), but also to the suggestion that influence between government and governed flows in only or primarily one direction.

    Government that upholds private property and free markets will tend to produce self-reliant people. Self-reliant people will tend to produce government that upholds private property and free markets.

    While I share your resistance to government-enforced morality dictated by central authorities, the fact is government (its stucture, laws, and leadership)doesdeeply and constantly affect the morality of the governed.

    The mistaken notion that government shouldnotconcern itself with morality isthecause of most of our current difficulty, as if morality and freedom are mutually exclusive.

    Thebusiness of statecraft isto uphold the citizens’ virtues andtheir freedom. · 5 minutes ago

    Name any instance in which government improved the quality of the people.

    I see the business of statecraft as protecting, not upholding, citizens virtues and freedoms. Government is the wall, not the foundation.

    • #7
  8. Profile Photo Inactive
    @TheKingPrawn

    By government resembling the people I mean it in the same way a child resembles his parent. One would never say that the parent resembles the child. The character of the government is taken from and shaped by the character of the people, at least in representative governments such as ours. If the government is broken it is because it reflects the brokeness of the people. If the people are made whole (which is not something government is capable of) they will remake the government into their image. Government has its uses; perfecting humanity is simply not one of them.

    • #8
  9. Profile Photo Inactive
    @RobertLux
    Astonishing

    The King Prawn  . . . a corrupt people will always elect a corrupt government. The challenges . . .  are ones government has little or no power to solve. The change must come from below, not from above.  . . . government will always resemble the people and not the other way around.

    Government that upholds private property and free markets will tend to produce self-reliant people. Self-reliant people will tend to produce government that upholds private property and free markets.

    Well put, Astonishing.  Or, for example, since when does affirming by law that marriage can only have one meaning (because it is an institution rooted in nature: it is between a man and a woman) entail a government bureaucracy? It’s a non-sequiter that libertarians make time again.  

    In other words–if I can be so bold–there’s something else critically important that Paul Rahe left off that I think most conservatives intuitively understand, and what Aristotle explicated: law always means education. The law is always educative.  Politics just is the argument about what’s moral.

    And I’d say the moral-spiritual problems are far closer to the surface than Rahe intimates. 

    In any event, welcome back Prof. Rahe.

    • #9
  10. Profile Photo Contributor
    @PeterRobinson

    In my email this morning, Paul, I found a note from a friend who has been a member of Ricochet since our first week:  “Paul Rahe’s post 30 mins ago is my favorite Ricochet post of all time.  You should be so proud of what Ricochet has created!”

    I’ll accept that compliment–for introducing more good people to Paul Rahe, I’ll accept it.

    • #10
  11. Profile Photo Inactive
    @Astonishing
    The King Prawn

    Astonishing

    It’s incorrect to say “government will always resemble the people and not the other way around.”

    I refer  . . . to the suggestion that influence between government and governed flows in only or primarily one direction.

    Government that upholds private property and free markets will tend to produce self-reliant people. Self-reliant people will tend to produce government that upholds private property and free markets.

    . . . . government (its stucture, laws, and leadership) does deeply and constantly affect the morality of the governed.

    The mistaken notion that government should not concern itself with morality is the cause of most of our current difficulty, as if morality and freedom are mutually exclusive.

    The business of statecraft is to uphold the citizens’ virtues and their freedom.

    Name any instance in which government improved the quality of the people.

    I see the business of statecraft asprotecting, not upholding, citizens virtues and freedoms.  . . .

    The Constitution of the United States . . .  a More Perfect Union. Or do you claim We the People were better, or even just as good, without it?

    Regarding your fine distinction between “upholding” and “protecting.” If A affects B, A makes B either better or worse. Government affects morality.

    • #11
  12. Profile Photo Inactive
    @RobertLux
    Astonishing

    The King Prawn

    Astonishing

    It’s incorrect to say “government will always resemble the people and not the other way around.”

    I refer  . . . to the suggestion that influence between government and governed flows in only or primarily one direction.

    Government that upholds private property and free markets will tend to produce self-reliant people. Self-reliant people will tend to produce government that upholds private property and free markets.

    . . . . government (its stucture, laws, and leadership) does deeply and constantly affect the morality of the governed.

    The mistaken notion that government should not concern itself with morality isthecause of most of our current difficulty, as if morality and freedom are mutually exclusive.

    Thebusiness of statecraftisto uphold the citizens’ virtues andtheir freedom.

    Name any instance in which government improved the quality of the people.

    I see the business of statecraft asprotecting, not upholding, citizens virtues and freedoms.  . . .

    The Constitution of the United States . . .  aMore Perfect Union. Or do you claim We the People were better, or even just as good, without it?

    Regarding your fine distinction between “upholding” and “protecting.” If A affects B, A makes B either better or worse. Government affects morality. 

    :-)

    • #12
  13. Profile Photo Inactive
    @ScarletPimpernel

    There’s an irnoy here that’s worth pondering.  My Lefty friends often complain about how corrupt America is.  The question we need to raise is what (aside from human weakness, which cannot be eradicated) causes that corruption.  It seems to me that the culture of dependency is related to the rise of bread and circuses.

    The Left has its focus on responsibility, too. Think of Mrs. Obama’s comment that Barack “will put you to work.” 

    That’s a far cry from saying that it’s your job to go to work, but I suspect that it comes from a similar moral concern. Sloth is bad for the soul.  But so is being dependent on others for one’s bread.

    • #13
  14. Profile Photo Inactive
    @ScarletPimpernel

    P.S. Isn’t the EU-Demon a threat to happiness?

    • #14
  15. Profile Photo Inactive
    @TheKingPrawn
    Astonishing

    The Constitution of the United States . . .  aMore Perfect Union. Or do you claim We the People were better, or even just as good, without it?

    Regarding your fine distinction between “upholding” and “protecting.” If A affects B, A makes B either better or worse. Government affects morality. · 3 minutes ago

    I have my doubts about the perfection achieved by our consitution. Also, it was the union being made more perfect (not the people), and the union was between the states.

    Yes, government affects morality, and government is batting 1000 at worsening it.

    • #15
  16. Profile Photo Inactive
    @Astonishing
    The King Prawn:  . . . The character of the government is . . . shaped by the character of the people . . . . If the government is broken it is because it reflects the brokeness of the people.  . . . they will remake the government into their image. Government has its uses; perfecting humanity is simply not one of them.

    Your view is poetically attractive, but inconsistent with reality, because it casts things the way poets tend to, in extremes (“perfecting humanity”).

    Surely you don’t claim that a bad law can have no bad effect whatsoever on the morality of good people and that good people could never form a government that passes any bad law.

    The obvious experienced reality is that law does affect morality. Since nothing stays static, if A affects B, A will make B either better or worse. Since law will make people either better or worse, good government must aim at laws that make people better.

    For a self-ruling people this means The People aiming at making themselves better (not perfect, but better). Such effort can be done in a manner consistent with individual freedom. Indeed, for a self-ruling people, freedom is that effort because freedom means “ruling oneself well.”

    • #16
  17. Profile Photo Inactive
    @TheKingPrawn
    Astonishing

    Since lawwillmake people either better or worse, good government mustaimat laws that make people better.

    Here’s the crux of the disagreement. In my view, no law should be aimed at making people either better or worse. I agree with your last paragraph, but I think there is some definitional disagreement. I agree fully with the people aiming at making themselves better (the perfect thing is more of a theological question), but I don’t equate the people with the government. Perhaps my libertarian leanings are showing again.
    • #17
  18. Profile Photo Inactive
    @Astonishing
    The King Prawn

    Astonishing

    The Constitution of the United States . . .  a More Perfect Union.  . . .

     . . .  it was the union being made more perfect (not the people), and the union was between the states.

    Yes, government affects morality, and government is batting 1000 at worsening it.

    Worthy of long and serious contemplation on both points is your observation that, although the More Perfect Union was (1) formed by “The People,” it was (2) “established” “between the States” and was “of” the States. What an interesting mix even in the very act of founding! Aristotle said “mixed” regimes are best, and the founders were excellent mixers.

    Your observation, fine as it is, cannot negate the essential point that influence between government and people runs both ways. Bad mistakes arise from thinking otherwise at either extreme. Liberals take one extreme, thinking government easily can shape people without regard to the character of the particular people or human nature itself. Libertarians take the other extreme, thinking government cannot (or should not) attempt to influence the people’s morals.

    Good politics is knowing how, and how far, a particular government of a particular people should address the question.

    • #18
  19. Profile Photo Inactive
    @ScarletPimpernel
    Paul A. Rahe

     

     

     

    High schools, if properly run, can do so very well. · 4 minutes ago

    Education, like law, is inescapably moral. Part of the problem we have today is that morality is inseparable from religion. Our establishment jurisprudence says that Progressive morality is not religious, and, therefore, may be preached in the schools. At the same time, it says that classic ideas of morality and responisbility are religious, and, therefore, may not be taught, perhaps not even discussed in the schools.

    • #19
  20. Profile Photo Inactive
    @donaldtodd

    Astonishing: “I wouldn’t worry beyond that what morality a particular community imposes”

    I would.  The Great Society programs imposed the end of the family for that segment of the population subject to it.  We have seen the results of families without husbands and fathers, especially in regard to the sons, who die or are in prison.

    Abortion on demand has a voracious appetite for the unborn.  It very much resembles the religion of Carthage where the population fed their children into a furnace for temporal success.

    So I very much care what morality a particular community imposes.  The community which comprises our country has not been hospitable to families, or to unborn children.   

    The morality of the public school, including the public colleges and universities, has been adverse to the young men and women who go there to be instructed or deconstructed.  The old idea of a liberal education is now bound up in a relative few schools, such as Hillsdale or some of the small Catholic colleges.  Excepting for a few of these elite schools, the universities are at war with the parents of these children, instructing them in novel ways to serve a novel agenda.

    • #20
  21. Profile Photo Inactive
    @Cutlass

    “It costs roughly $250,000 to rear a child in today’s society…”

    A powerful statistic. Perhaps there’s some way for Romney, et al to use this in arguing against Obama’s efforts to “tax the rich” who make more than $250,000. 

     we will have to find a way to instruct liberals and “moderates” (which is to say, liberals lacking all conviction) in what it is that makes them so miserable and in what it is that produces eudaimonia.

    The liberals we need to reach are not so much the one’s who are made miserable by government policies (aside from the indirect effect on the economy etc.). Many adults who consider themselves liberal or moderate are educated, hard working, responsible people who hold their own children to high standards. However, they are politically liberal because they see it as “compassionate” and “tolerant” to apply an opposite standard to the lower classes.

    • #21
  22. Profile Photo Inactive
    @NickStuart
    Paul A. Rahe: As I write these words, the Republicans in the House of Representatives are about to approve a federal grant to counteract bullying in our schools. They do not have a clue. · 4 hours ago

    Clearly they didn’t get the memo about the $1,000,000,000,000+++++ annual deficit.

    • #22
  23. Profile Photo Inactive
    @JonRoberts

    I find it interesting that Prof. Rahe touches on the linchpin of families and abortion. When I want to recenter myself around the Big Picture ( that vision thing ;-) ), I usually end up re-reading some chapters from “The Sensate Culture” by Harold O. J. Brown. After considering the full state of our culture (Christendom – beyond American culture ) through the prism of Pitirim Sorokin’s theories, he centered on abortion as the central issue of our time. Along with C. Everett Koop, he founded Care Net. Most people conveniently forget today how publicly Reagan voiced his opposition to abortion on demand before and during both terms of his presidency. The liberals realize the importance of this as well. Note the attack on religious liberties recently by the Government, what area did it center on? Although it seems most conservatives ( especially politicians ) today are squeamish about discussing it and continuing the fight against it, abortion, marriage, and family child rearing remain at the nexus of economic and social policy for our society. Do I wish we had easier solutions or an easier task? Most definitely. But I also believe this is the reality we face.

    • #23
  24. Profile Photo Member
    @PaulARahe

    I chose to be a bit more sotto voce than Robert Lux in Comment #9 above. But it strikes me that his basic point is right: ” law always means education. The law is always educative.  Politics just is the argument about what’s moral.”

    What this means, King Prawn, is that — whether libertarians like it or not — every law conveys a teaching about evil and good, worse and better. Before the rise of the administrative state, one of the things that the law taught by its lack of provision was that self-reliance is an essential virtue. The welfare state teaches the contrary: that our fellow citizens owe us a livelihood, that sponging off others is not shameful. That is what I was intimating. Robert made it explicit.

    What this means is that we are being willfully blind if we do not ask ourselves on every occasion when legislation is under consideration — what its passage will teach our fellow citizens, how will it shape character.

    As I write these words, the Republicans in the House of Representatives are about to approve a federal grant to counteract bullying in our schools. They do not have a clue.

    • #24
  25. Profile Photo Inactive
    @Astonishing
    The King Prawn

    Astonishing Since lawwillmake people either better or worse, good government mustaimat laws that make people better.

    Here’s the crux of the disagreement. In my view, no law should be aimed at making people either better or worse.  . . . Perhaps my libertarian leanings are showing again.

    Perhaps, so.

    That was what I was thinking when I wrote my last post even before reading yours.

    In the end, we probably do agree that original federalism was a lovely compromise, excluding the central government from most moral questions, leaving such matters to be addressed at that level of government where “self-rule” is more fully realized, so that any imposition of morals is actually an imposition one has agreed to place upon oneself through one’s choice to be a member of a particular local self-governing community.

    Preserve private property, free markets, equality under the law, and federalism, and I wouldn’t worry beyond that what morality a particular community imposes, as long as they don’t expect others to pay for the consequences and people are allowed to vote with their feet and take their property with them. Let a thousand flowers bloom!

    • #25
  26. Profile Photo Inactive
    @TheKingPrawn

    Astonishing, well said. I will grant that the influence does run both ways. However, I will re-emphasize my point that government’s influence on the people is generally (and almost always) negative. When the influence runs both ways and is negative you end up in a death spiral. We’ve been seeing the people and the government getting worse and worse since the inception of pr0gressivism, but we’ve never seen the opposite effect. Our constitution, for all its faults, is an instance of the people having a tremendously good effect on government. The character of the people was cemented institutionally and structurally into our government. As such, there has been a bit of conservation of character between the people and the government. Each acts as a break on deterioration of the other while ironically also being the sediment that causes most of the erosion. The rebuilding, however, I believe will be initiated by the people rather than government.

    • #26
  27. Profile Photo Inactive
    @TheKingPrawn
    Astonishing

    Here’s the crux of the disagreement. In my view, no law should be aimed at making people either better or worse.  . . . Perhaps my libertarian leanings are showing again.

    In the end, we probably do agree that original federalism was a lovely compromise, excluding the central government frommostmoral questions, leaving such matters to be addressed at that level of government where “self-rule” is more fully realized, so that any imposition of morals is actually an imposition one has agreed to place upon oneself through one’s choice to be a member of aparticularlocalself-governing community.

    Preserve private property, free markets, equality under the law, and federalism, and I wouldn’t worry beyond that what morality a particular community imposes, as long as they don’t expect others to pay for the consequences and people are allowed to vote with their feet and take their property with them. Let a thousand flowers bloom!

    Astonishing! Your name comes in quite handy. I fully concur with this statement. I don’t care what San Franciscans do so long as I don’t have to subsidize it and they don’t try to force it on me.

    • #27
  28. Profile Photo Inactive
    @TheKingPrawn
    Paul A. Rahe: What this means, King Prawn, is that — whether libertarians like it or not — every law conveys a teaching about evil and good, worse and better. Before the rise of the administrative state, one of the things that the law taught by its lack of provision was that self-reliance is an essential virtue. The welfare state teaches the contrary: that our fellow citizens owe us a livelihood, that sponging off others is not shameful. That is what I was intimating. Robert made it explicit.

    What this means is that we are being willfully blind if we do not ask ourselves on every occasion when legislation is under consideration — what its passage will teach our fellow citizens, how will it shape character.

    This is a perfect argument for erring on the side of under-legislating rather than over-legislating, and I think it also strengthens the point that active government influence is almost always negative on the character of the people. I’m still waiting for an example of government activity (apart from military service) that positively affects the people’s character.

    • #28
  29. Profile Photo Member
    @PaulARahe
    The King Prawn

    Paul A. Rahe: What this means, King Prawn, is that — whether libertarians like it or not — every law conveys a teaching about evil and good, worse and better. Before the rise of the administrative state, one of the things that the law taught by its lack of provision was that self-reliance is an essential virtue. The welfare state teaches the contrary: that our fellow citizens owe us a livelihood, that sponging off others is not shameful. That is what I was intimating. Robert made it explicit.

    What this means is that we are being willfully blind if we do not ask ourselves on every occasion when legislation is under consideration — what its passage will teach our fellow citizens, how will it shape character.

    This is a perfect argument for erring on the side of under-legislating rather than over-legislating, and I think it also strengthens the point that active government influence is almost always negative on the character of the people. I’m still waiting for an example of government activity (apart from military service) that positively affects the people’s character. · 17 minutes ago

    High schools, if properly run, can do so very well.

    • #29
Become a member to join the conversation. Or sign in if you're already a member.