Diane Ellis has convinced me to come out of hiding and declare that I hate Thomas Jefferson. And love Alexander Hamilton. I think that one of the binary choices to identify personality types must be whether someone likes Jefferson or Hamilton (also: cats or dogs, the Beatles or the Who, salty or sweet, Yankees or Red Sox, and so on).
It all started with Rob Long's proposal to do away with the mortgage deduction. I blame this on Jefferson. Jefferson inflicted on the United States the idea that society should be based on the yeoman farmer. He thought that property-owners would have, as Diane pithily put it to me, "skin in the game." Jefferson feared cities, with their dense populations and what he would have called corruption, decadent ways, and "stock-jobbing." He wanted people to grow food, not invent financial derivatives. Hamilton loved New York, I think, for exactly those reasons -- classless, restless groups of merchants/tradesmens/workers and the endless activity of capitalist destruction/invention. Jefferson wanted the nation to remain essentially pre-industrial, exporting its foodstuffs to Europe but without any large industrial or financial base. Hamilton brought the modern financial system to America and wanted the United States to become a great producer as well as consumer.
This Jeffersonian ideal of a society of yeoman farmers, I suspect, is why the United States abuses the tax code to provide a hidden subsidy for home purchases to drive up the home ownership rate (a great deal of social engineering occurs in the tax code). The mortgage deduction is little different from a payment from the government to buy a house, throwing off the market's natural equilibrium. Periodic crashes in housing are the free market responding to unnatural periods of excess purchasing of homes.
This got me to thinking about other things I dislike about Jefferson, who, while clearly a brilliant man, was full of hypocrisies. Aside from the Louisiana Purchase, he was a pretty poor President. This, by the way, has nothing to do with my views on executive power -- I think Jefferson came to agree more with Hamilton once he was President and no longer in the opposition.
1. Jefferson was perhaps our nation's most eloquent spokesman for human freedom ("all men are created equal"), but at the same time kept slaves and may well have fathered illegitimate children with one.
2. He was a master of rhetoric in defense of civil liberties, but did not hesitate to use government power to pursue critics and political opponents (recall his pursuit of Aaron Burr and efforts to get him convicted of treason).
3. He criticized the growth of government power, but exercised it as president to enforce a complete embargo on all exports from the country (which would only be matched by Prohibition in its intrusiveness into daily life).
4. He demanded effective government, but would take long breaks from the Presidency during times of high stress where he would essentially refuse to perform the duties of his office.
5. He criticized political parties (he famously said that he would not go to heaven if the only way there was with a political party), yet he introduced partisanship to American politics by founding the first party -- the Democratic Party -- specifically to oppose the Washington administration.
6. He founded said Democratic Party, which engaged in vicious personal attacks on President Washington, even while serving as Washington's Secretary of State. He called Washington and Hamilton and their supporters "monocrats" who were intent on reinstalling the British monarchy in America.
7. He used said Democratic Party to allow the President and Congress to drive forward a common agenda, whereas the Framers expected that the two branches would be more antagonistic. The President was given a veto precisely to moderate and contain Congress, which they saw as the true threat to the people's liberties because of its power to tax and spend.
8. Even with Louisiana, his greatest act as President, Jefferson believed the Constitution did not permit for the expansion of the territory of the United States (a view that I think is mistaken). He even drafted a constitutional amendment to incorporate Louisiana. But when it looked like Napoleon would back out of the deal, he suppressed his own constitutional views and hurriedly agreed to the deal.
Jefferson has a monument on the mall, but I think it is for what did before his was President, namely the drafting of the Declaration of Independence. But if actions count more than words, Jefferson pales in comparison to Presidents like Washington, Lincoln, and FDR and doesn't deserve a monument to his Presidency. Am I wrong?