I first learned about the American south at school in the American north.
In the north, it was a pretty simple story: slavery built the south into an agricultural powerhouse; religious forces in the north agitated for abolition; a growing industrial economy in the north soon dwarfed the southern plantation industry; southerners held on to an immoral, inhumane, utterly evil institution until the north came down with superior military might and smashed the old order.More or less, that's the story as it's usually told.
But Francine Latour, at Boston.com, has a fascinating adjustment to the storyline. In a review of Anne Farrow's book, Complicity: How the North Promoted, Prolonged, and Profited from Slavery, she retells this almost too-perfect story:
In the year 1755, a black slave named Mark Codman plotted to kill his abusive master. A God-fearing man, Codman had resolved to use poison, reasoning that if he could kill without shedding blood, it would be no sin. Arsenic in hand, he and two female slaves poisoned the tea and porridge of John Codman repeatedly. The plan worked—but like so many stories of slave rebellion, this one ended in brutal death for the slaves as well. After a trial by jury, Mark Codman was hanged, tarred, and then suspended in a metal gibbet on the main road to town, where his body remained for more than 20 years.
It sounds like a classic account of Southern slavery. But Codman’s body didn’t hang in Savannah, Ga.; it hung in present-day Somerville, Mass. And the reason we know just how long Mark the slave was left on view is that Paul Revere passed it on his midnight ride. In a fleeting mention from Revere’s account, the horseman described galloping past “Charlestown Neck, and got nearly opposite where Mark was hung in chains.”
When it comes to slavery, the story that New England has long told itself goes like this: Slavery happened in the South, and it ended thanks to the North.
Ordinarily, I don't like this kind of we're-all-guilty historicizing. But the New England attitude is so smug, so carefully tended, that's it's refreshing to prick the pompous bubble. School textbooks usually stick to the party line: New England = Thanksgiving, Minutemen, and Patriots; The South = Racism, Slavery, and Blood Money. That distinction continues to this day.